Notes on Water Resources with Question Answers

Question Answers of Water Resources | Class 10

Questions on Water Resources with Answers

Concepts of the lesson - Water Resources

WATER SCARCITY AND THE NEED FOR WATER CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT

Roof top rainwater harvesting, objectives of Rainwater harvesting, Meaning of multipurpose river valley project, Causes of social movements for some dams, Bamboo drip Irrigation System, Khadins & Johads, Guls & Kuls, major sources of irrigation in India, Conservation of water resources.

Locating and Labelling Dams:
(1) Salal;
(2) Bhakra Nangal;
(3) Tehri;
(4) Rana Pratap Sagar;
(5) Sardar Sarovar;
(6) Hirakud;
(7) Nagarjuna Sagar and
(8) Tungabhadra.

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS OF WATER RESOURCES

Q.1: State any three objectives of Rainwater harvesting?
Answer:
(a) To reduce run off water
(b) To raise the water table
(c) To reduce ground water pollution

Q.2: What is a multipurpose river valley project? State any two purposes which are fulfilled by a river valley project?
Answer:
Multipurpose river valley project consists of a dam or series of dams on a river or rivers to fulfil many purposes like:
(a) Irrigation
(b) Electricity
(c) Control flood
(d) Check soil erosion
(e) Inland navigation
(f) Fisheries etc.

Q.3: Mention three major sources of irrigation in India, which source of irrigation is more popular in southern states and Why?
Answer:
(I) The three major sources of irrigation in India are –
(a) Canals
(b) Wells & tube wells
(c) Tanks
(II) Tank irrigation
(III) Because Southern States mostly come under Deccan plateau which are not suitable for irrigation by canals.

Q.4: What is “Water scarcity” and what are its main causes?
Answer:
“Water scarcity” means shortage of water.
CAUSES: (may write any two)
(a) Unequal distribution of rainfall
(b) Large & growing population
(c) Over exploitation of water
(d) Wastage of water by people (Explain all in brief)

Q.5: Name any two multipurpose river valley projects or dams which are causes of new social movements. Why did people oppose them?
Answer:
Two Multipurpose projects which caused social movements –
(a) Narmada –Bachao Andolan
(b) Tehri-Dam Andolan
(c) Sardar Sarover Dam
-Large scale displacement of local communities
-Environment issues
-Demand for Rehabilitation facilities from Government.


Q.6: Explain in brief –
(a) Bamboo drip Irrigation System
(b) Guls & Kuls
(c) Khadins & Johads
Answer:
(1) In Meghalaya, 200 years old system of tapping stream and spring water by using Bamboo –pipes.
(2) People built division channels from rivers for irrigation to their field in western Himalaya is called Guls or kuls.
(3) People developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields were converted into rain storage structure in particularly western Rajasthan Jaisalmer called Khadins and Johads in other parts of its state.

Q.7: Why do we conserve water resources?
Answer:
i) To safeguard ourselves from health hazards
ii) To keep away food scarcity
iii) To protect natural ecosystem (Explain all in brief)

Q.8: What is the main purpose of multipurpose projects?
Answer:
The main purpose of multipurpose projects is: (any six points)
i) Irrigation
ii) Flood control
iii) Generation of hydroelectricity
iv) Soil conservation.
v) Development of inland waterways.
vi) Development of fisheries.
vii) Provision of drinking water.
viii) Inland navigation
ix) Modernization of agriculture.
x) Development of tourism.

Q.9: Write about of hydraulic structure of ancient India?
Answer:
Hydraulic structure like dams built of stone, rubble, reservoirs or lakes, embankments. During the time of Chandargupta Maurya dams, lakes and irrigation systems were built. Irrigation work is also found in Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, and Karnataka etc. in this century. Sringaverapura near Allahabad had sophisticated water system channeling the floodwater of the river Ganga.

Q.10: What are the different problems created by dams?
Answer:
Many problems have been created by dams. Land owners, large framer, industrialists and urban centres all are adversely affected by them. Landless in the village do not gain from dams.
Irrigation pattern have changed. Cropping pattern has changed from subsistence farming to intensive farming which has resulted in ecological imbalance, and salination of the soil. Dams have of the soil.
Dams have created conflicts among the people who want different uses of the water available from the projects.

Q.11: Discuss the present water status of groundwater resources in India?
Answer:
Present status of groundwater resources in India is as follows:
i) Tube wells and wells are being increased singly used in irrigation and other purposes.
ii) This has led to the decreasing water table of the underground water.
iii) Our ground water resources are polluted by domestic waste water.
iv) Groundwater resources have depleted a lot.
v) Ground water resources are also polluted due to the Industrial wastes.

Q.12: What is the need for conservation of water resources? Suggest some measures to conserve water resources?
Answer:
The following are the reasons which cause us to conserve our water resources:-
i) Our resources are limited. Our requirements of water are increasing day by day.
ii) The water resources are unevenly distributed.
iii) Most of our resources especially in cities and urban centers are polluted and unsuitable for drinking and other purposes.
Measures to increase water supply and conservation are described below:
i) Creation of more water storage reservoirs.
ii) Inter basin transfer of water, linking of rivers with one another.
iii) Rainwater harvesting through storage of rain water in ponds, tanks and reservoirs.
iv) Sufficient water percolation facilities to be increased provided it would result in rising of water table.
v) Inter state water disputes must be resolved.
vi) Various water conservation techniques like watershed development and rainwater harvesting should be adopted and made popular.

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS OF WATER RESOURCES

Q.1 How can rainwater be harvested? Explain. (Four points)
Answer:
Rainwater can be harvested in the following ways: (any four points)
i) By digging ponds and tanks.
ii) By building embankments and checking dams.
iii) By making arrangements for storage of rainwater on rooftops.
iv) By constructing concrete underground reservoirs.
v) By constructing reservoirs in park and public places and covering them with concrete slabs.
vi) Building plans should invariably be made only when there is a provision for water harvesting.

Q.2: What are the different causes of water pollution? Explain by four reasons.
Answer:
The different causes of water pollution are:
(a) Mix-up of domestic wastes
(b) Mix-up of Industrial wastes,
(c) Use of Chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture
(d) Oil slicking by ships in oceans (Explain all in brief)

Q.3: How rainwater is traditionally conserved in semiarid and arid regions of Rajasthan?
Answer:
In the semi arid regions of Rajasthan particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and
Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had underground tanks or tanks for storing drinking water. Water tanks were a part of the well. Developed rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground tanks. The first spell of rain water from the subsequent showers was then collected. The rain water can be stored in the tanks till the next rainfall making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources are dried up, particularly in summers.

Q.4: Describe Bamboo drip irrigation system?
Answer:
In Meghalaya, a 200 year old system of tapping stream and spring water by using bamboo pipes is prevalent. About 18 -20 litres of water enter s the bamboo pipe system, gets transported over hundred of metres. Bamboo pipes are used to divert perennial springs on the hilltops to the plant site where it is distributed into branches, again made and laid out with different forms of bamboo pipes. The flow of water into the pipes is controlled by manipulating the pipes position. If the pipes pass a road, they are taken high above the land. Reduced channel sections and diversion units are used at the last stage of water application. These last channel sections water near the roots of the plant.

Q.5. Name the Sources of water availability in India?
Answer:
a) Fresh water – lakes, rivers, ponds reservoirs, ice- sheets, glaciers,
b) Underground water – wells, tube wells, spring.
The fresh water is mainly obtained from surface run – off and water that this continually being reserved and recharged enough to hydrological cycle.
Water security: - the storage of water for human use.
Causes of water scarcity: -
i) Low rainfall
ii) Overexploitation
iii) Excessive use and unequal access to water.
iv) Bad quality of water.

Q.6: Where is water scarcity likely to occur in India?
Answer:
Water is scarce in areas where size of population is very large.

Q.7: What is the percentage of hydro electricity produced in India?
Answer:
About 22% of energy is produced from hydro power generation.

Q.8: What are the different causes of water pollution?
Answer:
Water may be polluted by domestic wastes and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides and fertilizers used in agriculture

Q.9: Why do we conserve water resources?
Answer:
We conserve water for the following reasons:
i) To safeguard ourselves from health hazards
ii) To ensure food scarcity
iii) To protect natural ecosystem

Q.10: Match the following:
Column A
1. Social movement
2. A dam
3. Jawaharalal Nehru declared the dams as the
4. Mawsynram
5. Multi purpose project

Column B
a) Highest rainfall in the world
b) Temples of modern India
c) Solve many purposes at a time
d) A barrier across flowing water that obstructs the flow
e) Narmada Bachao Andolan.
Answer:
1.(e),2.(d),3.(b),4.(a),5.(c).

Don't forget to read MCQs of Water Resources.