Notes on Manufacturing Industries | MCQs & Q&A

Notes for Manufacturing Industries for class 10

Class 10 - Geography - Unit 06 - NCERT

IMPORTANT POINTS TO REMEMBER:

1 Manufacturing is production of goods in large quantities after processing raw materials to more valuable products.

2. Classification of Industries is done on the basis of their main role , capital investment, ownership, source of raw materials and the bulk and weight of raw material and finished goods.

3. Large scale industries employ a large number of laborers.

4. Small scale industries employ a small number of laborers.

5. Heavy industries use heavy and bulky raw materials.

6. Light Industries use light raw materials.

7. Manufacturing is considered the back bone of development in general and economic development in particular.

8. The NMCC (National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council) was set up when it was felt that, with appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.

9. Industrial locations are influenced by availability of raw materials. labor, capital, power and market. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place.

10. Agro-based industries:- Industries based on agricultural raw materials for example cotton textiles jute textiles, silk textiles, synthetic textiles, sugar industry.

11. Cotton textiles: It occupies a unique position in Indian economy contributes 14% of industrial production provides employment to 35 million persons directly. Earlier the cotton textile industries were located in Maharashtra and Gujarat. Today, they are spread over 80 towns and cities of India. Scarcity of good-quality cotton. Obsolete machinery, erratic power supply. low productivity of labor and stiff competition are some of the problems faced by the cotton textiles industry.

12 Jute textiles: There are about 70 jute mills in India and most of the jute is produced in West Bengal. Mainly in the hugli basin in Andhra Pradesh and, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Assam and Tripura.

13. Sugar: There are 460 sugar mills in the country. 50%of them are found in Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat are also important producers of sugar in the country.

14. Mineral-based industries: industries using minerals as their raw materials –iron and steel, cement, chemical industries, aluminum smelting, copper smelting, fertilizer industry etc. Iron and steel industry:

(A). The iron works of Kulti, Burnpur started local production in 1870.

(B). The first modern steel plant was set up at Jamshedpur in 1907.

(C). Today there are 10 primary integrated iron and steel plants around 200 mini steel plants in country. Raw materials used in this industry are iron ore, coal, limestone and manganese ore.

(D). The location of this industry is decided by the availability of raw materials. All the important iron and steel plants are located In the north-eastern and southern parts of the Indian peninsula. Only Visakapatanam a coastal location these plants are managed by the steel authority of India ltd. (SAIL).

(E). India produces about 32.8 million tons of steel and ranks ninth among the world crude steel producers. 

ALUMINIUM SMELTING
It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead.

1. Aluminum is a good conductor of heat and electricity .In the production of one ton of aluminum, 6 tons of bauxite 18,600 kWh of electricity is required. The availability of electricity and bauxite decides the location of this industry. The 8 aluminium plants in the country are located in orissa , west Bengal ,Kerala, Uttar Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , Maharashtra and Tamilnadu.

2. India produces over 600 million tons of aluminum per annum.


CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

1. Heavy inorganic chemicals include sulphuric acid, nitric acid, alkalis, caustic soda and soda ash. They are widely spread around the country.

2. Sulphuric acid – is used in the manufacture of fertilizers, synthetic fibers, plastics, paints and dyes.

3. Soda ash – is used in manufacture of glass, papers, soap and detergents.

4. Heavy organic chemicals include petrochemicals which are used in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, synthetic rubber, plastics, dyestuffs, drugs and pharmaceuticals. These chemical plants are located near oil refineries and petrochemical plants.

5. The chemical industries contribute 14% of the production of entire manufacturing sector.


FERTILISER INDUSTRY

1. The first plant was set up at Ranipet in Tamilnadu.

2. With the setting up of a plant at Sindri by the Fertilizer corporation of India (FCI) in 1951, the production of fertilizer increased.

3. With the onset of the green revolution, this industry was set up in Gujarat, Tamilnadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala.

4. Other important producers are Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Bihar, Maharshtra, Assam, West Bengal, Goa, Delhi, Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

5. There are 57 fertilizer units manufacturing nitrogenous fertilizers, 29 for urea and 9 for ammonium sulphate as a by- product, 68 other small units produce single super phosphate.


CEMENT INDUSTRY

1.Cement is used for construction of buildings, houses, factories , roads and dams. The raw materials used are limestone, silica, alumina and gypsum, coal and electric power are also used.

2. The first cement plant was set up in Chennai in 1904.At present, there are119 large and over 300 imminent plants in India. Indian cement is in great demand in south and East Asia, Middle East and Africa because of its superior quality.


AUTOMOBILES:

Commercial vehicles like trucks, passenger buses, cars, motor cycles, etc, are manufactured in large numbers. India is the second largest producers of three wheels. The industries producing cycles, scooters distributed around Delhi, Gurgoan, Mumbai, Pune, Lucknow, Chennai, Kolkata, Indore, Hyderabad, Jamshedpur and Bangalore. Electronic industry- Bangalore has emerged as the electronic capital of India. Other major electronic goods producing centers are Hyderabad, Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Kanpur, Pune, Lucknow and Coimbatore. Many software technology parks have also developed. Industries create four types of pollution namely air, water, land and soil. Air pollution is caused due to the presence of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide, dust, fume, mist spray, and smoke contains both types of particles.


WATER POLLUTION 
Coal, dyes, soaps, pesticides, fertilization plastics and rubber are some common pollutants. The principal industries which create water pollution are paper pulp, textiles, chemical, petroleum, refinery, tannery and electroplating. Thermal pollution of water occurs when hot-water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling. Noise pollution means unwanted, extra, noise created due to industrial machinery etc.

MEASURES TO CONTROL ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION

1. Proper fuel selection and utilization. Use of oil instead of coal in the Industries.

2. Treatment of liquids in three phase Primary treatment by mechanical process.

• Secondary treatment by biological process. Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical and physical process. Pollution of land and soil can be controlled by three activities: Collection of wastes from different places,Dumping and disposing the wastes by land filling and Recycling of wastes for further use.

Multiple Choice Questions of Manufacturing Industries

Q.1. In 1857 where the first cotton mill of India was founded at
A. Mysore
B . Madras
C . Surat
D. Bombay

Q.2. Largest producer of Jute and Jute made goods
A. Bangladesh
B. India
C. Sri lanka
D. Brazil

Q.3. Iron and steel are
A. Agro based industry
B. Chemical industry
C. Basic industry
D.Tertiary industry

Q4. Durgapur is situated in
A. Jharkhand
B. Orissa
C. Chhattisgarh
D. West Bengal

Q.5 Chemical industries usually are located near
A. Iron and steel industries
B. Thermal power plant
C. Oil refineries
D. Automobile industry

Q6. STP is the Abbreviation of
A. System tech park
B. Software Technology Park
C. State thermal plant
D. Software Technology Picket

Q7. NTPC is the Abbreviation of
A. National Textile Production Company
B. National Technology Production Company
C. National Thermal Power Corporation
D. National Tuberculosis Prevention Corporation

Q8. Atomic power plant causes
A. Water Pollution
B. Noise Pollution
C. Air Pollution
D. Heat Pollution

Q9. Manufacturing industries includes
A. Crop production
B. Fish production
C. Plantation
D. Sugar Production

Q10. Manufacturing industries includes
A. Converting raw material into ready good
B. Transporting raw material
C. Producing raw material
D. Procuring raw material

Q.11.Choose odd one
A. Distilleries
B. Bakery
C. Fisheries
D. Workshop

Q12. Which of the following does not affect the location of industries?
A. Land
B. Entrepreneur
C. Infrastructure
D. None of the above

Q13. Which of the following does not affect the location of industries?
A. Per capita income
B. Energy
C. Raw material
D. Labour

Q14. Rubber, Tea and coffee are
A. Basic industry
B. Heavy industry
C. Agro based industry
D. Mineral based industry

Q15. Cement is
A. Basic industry
B. Heavy industry
C. Agro base industry
D. Light industry

Q16. Golden fiber is
A. Silk
B. Gold
C. Cotton
D. Jute

Q17: Suggest any four ways through which Indian industrial products can easily face global competition.
A. Use of modern technology.
B. Use of modern machinery.
C. Reducing taxes.
D. Reducing cost of production.

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CHECK YOUR ANSWER:
(1) d (2) b (3) c (4) d (5) c (6) b (7) c (8) d (9) d (10) a (11) c (12) d
(13) a (14) c (15) b (16) d (17) d

QUESTION ANSWERS OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES

1Q: Industrialization and urbanization go hand in hand‘. Explain.
Ans: Industrialization and urbanization go hand in hand because:
(i) Cities provide market and also provide services such as banking, insurances, transport, labour, consultants and financial advice etc. to the industries.
(ii) Industrial workers need houses and other facilities. The provision of these facilities can convert a small town into big city.

2Q: What is agglomeration economy?
Ans: Cities provide market and other facilities like banking, insurance, transport, labour, consultants, and financial advice etc. to the industry. Many industries tend to come together to make, use of the advantages offered by the urban institutions. This is known as agglomeration economies.

3Q: Name three physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries.
Ans: Physical factors and three human factors that affect the location of industries are:
(i) Availability of raw materials
(ii) Availability of power resources
(iii) Suitable climate
(iv) Availability of water

Human factors that affect the location of industries are:
(i) Availability of labor
(ii) Availability of market
(iii) Government policies

4Q: What are the large scale and small scale industries? Give examples.
Ans: Those industries that employs large number of workers in each unit and having large production level are known as large scale industries. e.g. cotton textile industry.

The industry that employs small number of workers in each unit and having small production level is known as small scale industry. e.g. ready-made garment industries.

5Q: What is an agro-based industry?
Ans: The industry which gets its raw material from agriculture is called agro-based industry. e.g.sugar industry.

Long Type Question Answer of Manufacturing Industries

1Q: Which factors are responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India?
 Ans: The factors responsible for the decentralization of cotton textile mills in India are:
(i) Cotton textile have a very high demand throughout the country.
(ii) Major inputs like banking, electricity, transportation are available in almost every part of the country.
(iii) Textile industry is labor intensive industry and labor is easily available in India.
(iv) Textile industry requires less technological inputs and can be carried out using simple tools and machines.

2Q: Cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture‘. Explain.
Ans: Cotton textile industry has close links with agriculture because(i) The industry has close links with agriculture and provides a living to farmers, cotton bull pluckers and Workers are engaged in ginning, spinning, weaving, dyeing, designing, packaging, tailoring and sewing.
(ii) Agriculture provides raw material to the industry i.e. raw cotton.

3Q: What are the major problems of cotton textile industry?
Ans: The major problems of cotton textile industry are:(i) Lack of good quality long staple cotton
(ii) Erratic power supply
(iii) Out dated machinery and technology
(iv) Low output of workers
(v) Stiff international competition

4Q: What were the major objectives of National Jute Policy 2005? Why the internal demand for jute is increasing?
Ans: The major objectives of National Jute Policy 2005:(i) To increase the productivity
(ii) To improve the quality
(iii) Ensuring good prices to the jute farmers
(iv) Enhancing the yield per hectare

The internal demand for jute has been on the increase because -
(i) Government policy of mandatory use of jute packaging
(ii) The growing global concern for environment friendly biodegradable materials.

5Q: India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential‘. Give any four reasons.
Ans: India is an important iron and steel producing country in the world yet, we are not able to perform to our full potential. The reasons are:(i) High Costs and Limited availability of cooking coal
(ii) Lower productivity of labor
(iii) Shortage of power
(iv) Poor infrastructure
(v) Low Investment in Research and Development

6Q: Why is iron and steel industry called a basic industry?
Ans: Iron and steel industry is called the basic industry because:
(i) It is the industry which lays the foundation of rapid development of other industries such as heavy engineering, defense equipment, automobiles, aeroplanes etc.
(ii) It is also helpful in providing employment.
(iii) It also helps in the development of agriculture.

7Q: What is importance of the manufacturing industries?Ans: The importance of the manufacturing industries:1. Employment generation: Manufacturing industry is the main source of employment for large number of skilled as well as unskilled workers.
2. Foreign exchange: Export of manufactured goods bring foreign exchange to India.
3. Reduction of pressure on land: Manufacturing industry produces products of daily needs and helps the common people to fulfill their basic needs. It reduces pressure on agricultural sector for employment.
4. Removal of economic problems: Industrial development is a precondition for the removal of economic problems like poverty, unemployment and economic inequality. It also helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.

8Q: Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand.‘ Explain.
Ans: Contribution of agriculture to industry:
(i) Agriculture provides raw material to industry such as jute, cotton, sugarcane etc.
(ii) It also acts as a source of capital formation which can be utilized in industry.
(iii) It provides food to the industrial workers.
(iv) It provides good market to the industrial product.
(v) It also decreases pressure on industry.

Contribution of industry to agriculture:
(i) Industry provides inputs to the agriculture such as fertilizers, pesticides, tractors etc.
(ii) It provides infrastructural facilities.
(iii) It can absorb surplus laborers or workers of agriculture which reduce pressure on agriculture.
(iv) It also increases the market value of agricultural products.

9Q: What is the importance of Jute Industry?
Ans: The importance of Jute Industry:1. Employment: The jute industry supports 2 .61 Lakh workers directly another 40 lakh small and marginal farmers who are engaged in cultivation of jute and mesta.
2. Products: Jute industry provides products of daily use like jute bags, ropes, mats etc.
3. Foreign Exchange: Exports of raw jute and manufactured goods bring foreign exchange
4. Promotion of Small Scale Industry: Many products of the jute industry are manufactured by cottage and small scale industry. So it promotes decentralization of industry.

10Q: The sugar industry is now shifting from north to south. Mention main reasons. Ans: North India is regarded as the main center of the sugar industry and Uttar Pradesh is the leading producer. Over the time the sugar industry is shifting towards south India. The main reasons behind shifting of the sugar industry towards south India are:
(i) The sugar contents in the cane is higher i.e. 10.5% in Maharashtra and other southern states.
(ii) Climate is suitable for the cultivation of sugarcane.
(iii) South has better export facilities as compared to North.
(iv) Cooperative sugar mills are more successful in management in south India.
(v) The Peninsular climate helps to extend the crushing season by two months in the south India than north India.

11Q: What are the major challenges faced by the sugar industry?
Ans: The major challenges faced by the sugar industry are:
(i) Low yield of sugarcane: Although India has the largest area under sugarcane cultivation; the yield per hectare is extremely low as compare to some of the major sugarcane producing countries of the world.
(ii) Short crushing season: Manufacturing of sugar is a seasonal phenomenon with a short crushing season varying normally from 4 to 7 months in a year. The mills and its workers remain idle during the remaining period of the year, thus creating financial problems for the industry as a whole.
(iii) High cost of production: High cost of sugarcane, inefficient technology, uneconomic process of production and heavy excise duty result in high cost of production. The production cost of sugar in India is one of the highest in the world.
(iv) Old and obsolete machinery : Most of the machinery used in Indian sugar mills, particularly those in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar is old and obsolete, being 50-60 years old and needs rehabilitation.