tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-24118441513515088502024-03-29T16:33:04.719+05:30Topper's Social Science | Class 9 | Class 10 | CBSE | NCERTSocial Science and Social Studies: Study Social Science for Class 10 and Social Science for Class 9. Topper CBSE and NCERT Solutions.Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.comBlogger112125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-52953137673846758822023-06-04T19:45:00.000+05:302023-06-04T19:45:21.533+05:30What is the significance of the French Revolution?<p>The French Revolution was a turning point in global history that shaped the modern world. It was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 to 1799. The French Revolution had a significant impact on the world, and its significance can be seen in its lasting effects on French society, politics, and culture.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZYGYk7yXe5U5b8KVUP8gesvC0m79gqsKCG8JFR0sWZRoRTPyoYOYK_7lOrTBDIKKHsxc2U88znTja-R_RKavqGtD6zlN80mJZWbW-8OnDtntRTueGMZSbKSV-gEHy2Oh2xsVjR_FXqJQ4FG0eAh1e0Ti9awgPU_Gn58fQqPNSchUSypHa11entBtq/s1280/significance-of-the-french-revolution.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is the significance of the French Revolution" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhZYGYk7yXe5U5b8KVUP8gesvC0m79gqsKCG8JFR0sWZRoRTPyoYOYK_7lOrTBDIKKHsxc2U88znTja-R_RKavqGtD6zlN80mJZWbW-8OnDtntRTueGMZSbKSV-gEHy2Oh2xsVjR_FXqJQ4FG0eAh1e0Ti9awgPU_Gn58fQqPNSchUSypHa11entBtq/w400-h225/significance-of-the-french-revolution.png" title="What is the significance of the French Revolution" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">What is the significance of the French Revolution?</td></tr></tbody></table><br /><h2 style="text-align: left;">One of the most significant impacts of the French Revolution was the end of the monarchical system in France.</h2><p>The Revolution saw the overthrow of the Bourbon monarchy, which had ruled France for centuries, and the establishment of a republic. The Revolution also brought about the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, who would go on to become one of the most significant figures in modern European history.</p><p><br /></p><p>Another significant impact of the French Revolution was the spread of democratic ideas throughout Europe. The Revolution was fueled by Enlightenment ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity, and these ideals would go on to inspire other revolutionary movements throughout Europe. The French Revolution also marked the beginning of the end of feudalism in Europe, as the Revolution abolished feudal privileges and created a more egalitarian society.</p><p><br /></p><p>The French Revolution also had a profound impact on the world of art and culture. The Revolution saw the rise of Romanticism, a cultural movement that emphasized emotion, individualism, and the power of nature. Romanticism would go on to influence art, literature, and music throughout Europe and the world.</p><p><br /></p><p>In conclusion, the French Revolution was a pivotal moment in world history that had far-reaching effects on French society, politics, and culture. Its impact can be seen in the end of the monarchical system in France, the spread of democratic ideas throughout Europe, and the rise of Romanticism. The French Revolution remains a subject of fascination and study for historians and scholars, and its significance will continue to be debated and analyzed for years to come.</p><p><br /></p><h3 style="text-align: left;">The Second Answer of 'What is the significance of the French Revolution?'</h3><p>French Revolution, an epochal event that unfolded in the late 18th century, holds immense historical significance. Marked by radical political and social upheaval, this revolution reshaped the course of French history and reverberated across the globe. In this article, we delve into the multifaceted significance of the French Revolution, exploring its impact on politics, society, and the world at large.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>1. Political Transformation:</b></p><p>The French Revolution engendered a profound political transformation that forever altered the political landscape of France. It led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic, dismantling the feudal system that had prevailed for centuries. The revolution's ideals, such as liberty, equality, and fraternity, became the guiding principles of modern democracy and inspired similar movements worldwide.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>2. Rise of Nationalism:</b></p><p>The French Revolution played a pivotal role in the rise of nationalism. As the revolutionaries advocated for the sovereignty and self-governance of the French people, a strong sense of national identity began to take root. This notion of national pride and patriotism spread across Europe, fueling independence movements and shaping the future of nations.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>3. The End of Feudalism and Aristocracy:</b></p><p>One of the most profound impacts of the French Revolution was the abolition of feudalism and the aristocracy. The revolution dismantled the privileges enjoyed by the nobility, marking a crucial step towards social equality. The idea that all individuals should be equal before the law and have equal opportunities began to gain traction, challenging the deeply entrenched class system of the time.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>4. Human Rights and Civil Liberties:</b></p><p>The French Revolution was instrumental in promoting the concept of human rights and civil liberties. The revolutionary government adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen, proclaiming inherent rights for all individuals. This declaration became a cornerstone for subsequent human rights movements and influenced the development of legal systems worldwide.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>5. Impact on European Monarchies:</b></p><p>The French Revolution sent shockwaves across Europe, triggering a wave of fear and uncertainty among monarchies. The revolutionary ideals and fervor ignited uprisings and revolutions in various European countries. The repercussions of the French Revolution profoundly challenged the existing political order, paving the way for the spread of democratic and liberal ideas.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>6. Spread of Enlightenment Ideals:</b></p><p>The French Revolution was deeply intertwined with the intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment. The revolutionaries drew inspiration from Enlightenment thinkers such as Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu, who championed reason, liberty, and progress. The revolution helped disseminate these ideals, contributing to the broader Enlightenment movement and its lasting impact on Western civilization.</p><p><br /></p><p><b>Conclusion:</b></p><p>The significance of the French Revolution cannot be overstated. It reshaped the political, social, and intellectual landscape of not only France but also the world. From the rise of nationalism and the demise of feudalism to the promotion of human rights and the spread of Enlightenment ideals, its profound influence reverberates through history. The French Revolution remains a pivotal turning point that continues to inspire and shape the foundations of modern democratic societies worldwide.</p>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-87701118696719921102023-06-04T16:41:00.001+05:302023-06-04T16:41:21.687+05:30Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students: Engaging Ideas for Success<p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Social studies projects provide high school students with an opportunity to delve deeper into various aspects of society, history, culture, and politics. Choosing the right project topic is crucial for a successful and engaging experience. If you're a high school student searching for easy yet interesting social studies project ideas, you've come to the right place. In this article, we will present a curated list of accessible and captivating project topics that will enable you to showcase your knowledge and creativity. Let's explore these ideas and make your social studies project a resounding success!</span></p><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6hAqiy49fICR-SkmFleq5UKUqq7OzDoM7EWW_QnIVDP4l7-CtW3tha_2jtm34w727A04d9e3PStPyMcwt-P-uDTmqlzykj5K9WrulQyarQ_VEQycenohepTqQCbm3HCT0KqKUCMp_cyxyCPGuK0X6W9Xus0DuOXl1S9D4-1xh8guBv8c-5BU4rhyv/s1280/Easy%20Social%20Studies%20Project%20Topics%20for%20High%20School%20Students.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6hAqiy49fICR-SkmFleq5UKUqq7OzDoM7EWW_QnIVDP4l7-CtW3tha_2jtm34w727A04d9e3PStPyMcwt-P-uDTmqlzykj5K9WrulQyarQ_VEQycenohepTqQCbm3HCT0KqKUCMp_cyxyCPGuK0X6W9Xus0DuOXl1S9D4-1xh8guBv8c-5BU4rhyv/w400-h225/Easy%20Social%20Studies%20Project%20Topics%20for%20High%20School%20Students.png" title="Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students</td></tr></tbody></table></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students</span></h2><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Exploring Cultural Diversity in Your Community:</b> Investigate the cultural diversity present within your local community. Create a project that highlights different cultures, traditions, languages, and customs. Interview community members, organize cultural events, and showcase artifacts to promote cross-cultural understanding and appreciation.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Investigating Current Events and Their Global Impact: </b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Select a current event that has garnered significant global attention. Research its causes, consequences, and implications. Analyze how it affects various countries, economies, and societies. Present your findings through a multimedia project, including news articles, infographics, and presentations.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Analyzing the Influence of Social Media on Society: </b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Examine the impact of social media on individuals, communities, and society at large. Investigate its role in shaping public opinion, activism, and social interactions. Conduct surveys or interviews to gather data and present your analysis in a visually appealing format.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Studying Historical Figures and Their Impact: </b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Choose a historical figure who has had a significant impact on society or brought about transformative change. Research their life, accomplishments, and contributions. Create a project that showcases their legacy and highlights their relevance in the present day.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Investigating Environmental Issues in Your Area:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Identify local environmental issues that affect your community. Research the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to these problems. Design a project that raises awareness and proposes practical steps to address the issues, such as organizing clean-up campaigns or advocating for eco-friendly practices.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Exploring Global Economic Systems:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Examine different economic systems, such as capitalism, socialism, or mixed economies. Compare their features, advantages, and challenges. Present your findings through visual aids, case studies, and interactive activities to enhance understanding.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Analyzing Political Systems and Ideologies:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Study different political systems, such as democracy, monarchy, or authoritarian regimes. Compare their structures, ideologies, and impacts on society. Create an informative project that highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each system and encourages critical thinking about governance.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Investigating Human Rights Issues:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Choose a human rights issue that interests you, such as gender equality, freedom of speech, or refugee rights. Research its historical context, current challenges, and global efforts for improvement. Develop a project that raises awareness and proposes practical ways to support and promote human rights.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Exploring the Impact of Technology on Society:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Examine the influence of technology on various aspects of society, such as communication, education, or healthcare. Investigate both the positive and negative impacts. Create a project that showcases real-life examples and encourages discussions on responsible technology usage.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Analyzing the Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Investigate how media influences public opinion, political discourse, and societal perceptions. Analyze different forms of media, such as television, newspapers, and social media platforms. Create a project that explores media biases, fake news, and the importance of media literacy.</span></li></ol><p></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Some More </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students</span></h3><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The impact of social media on society:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You can explore how social media affects our daily lives, communication, and relationships. You can also examine its impact on mental health and well-being.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The history and significance of the American flag:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This topic will involve researching the history of the American flag, its significance, and how it has evolved over time.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The significance of the Civil Rights Movement:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This topic will involve researching the Civil Rights Movement, its significance, and how it impacted American society.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The impact of immigration on American society:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You can explore how immigration has shaped American society, including its impact on the economy, culture, and politics.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The role of women in society:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This topic will involve researching the role of women in society, including their achievements, struggles, and contributions to society.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The impact of globalization on society:</b> </span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You can explore how globalization has impacted different aspects of society, including culture, business, and politics.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The significance of the United Nations: </b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This topic will involve researching the history and significance of the United Nations, its role in promoting world peace and cooperation, and its impact on international relations.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The history and significance of the Olympics:</b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You can explore the history of the Olympics, its significance, and how it has evolved over time.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The impact of climate change on society: </b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This topic will involve researching the impact of climate change on society, including its effects on the environment, economy, and public health.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>The significance of voting: </b></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You can explore the importance of voting in a democratic society, including its impact on government policies and decision-making.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Conclusion About the Easy Social Studies Project Topics for High School Students</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;">:</span></h4><p></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Choosing an engaging and accessible social studies project topic is essential for high school students. The ideas presented in this article provide a starting point for your exploration of society, culture, history, and politics. Remember to select a topic that aligns with your interests and allows you to showcase your knowledge and creativity. By embarking on these easy social studies project topics, you'll have an exciting opportunity to deepen your understanding of the world and make a meaningful impact in your community.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">These are just a few easy social studies project topics that high school students can explore. Remember to choose a topic that you are passionate about, and that will allow you to showcase your creativity and critical thinking skills. Good luck with your project!</span></p>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-5147151946803233522023-06-04T16:07:00.002+05:302023-06-04T16:07:18.054+05:30What is Social Science? Understanding the Basics<p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In today's complex and interconnected world, understanding human behavior and society is crucial. That's where social science comes into play. Social science encompasses a broad range of disciplines that explore various aspects of human society, behavior, and interactions. If you're curious to know more about this fascinating field, you've come to the right place. In this article, we'll delve into the depths of social science, exploring its definition, key disciplines, and the significance of its research. Let's embark on this enlightening journey together.</span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">What is Social Science?</span></h2><p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkyaseuJd3aNg6rrvLpfIPqAjvo-p675euUyRuJDZA3ows0T23NXe8RyRpw_dkxD0SatCZ1tF_-GUPsKbsA90NRict9NXbBJ_IoosdLEuP5xPefrb4gcI8wCjGl_oIKd4-59nxqzfM4F4X_32ElpmiNYwvYf82FuvF3GKUS1XkbFiHODXB9ceaIbOi/s1280/What%20is%20social%20science.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="What is Social Science" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkyaseuJd3aNg6rrvLpfIPqAjvo-p675euUyRuJDZA3ows0T23NXe8RyRpw_dkxD0SatCZ1tF_-GUPsKbsA90NRict9NXbBJ_IoosdLEuP5xPefrb4gcI8wCjGl_oIKd4-59nxqzfM4F4X_32ElpmiNYwvYf82FuvF3GKUS1XkbFiHODXB9ceaIbOi/w400-h225/What%20is%20social%20science.png" title="What is Social Science" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Satoshi; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;">What is Social Science?</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Social science refers to the study of human society and social relationships. It employs various scientific methodologies to understand and analyze human behavior, institutions, and cultures. By using empirical evidence and theoretical frameworks, social scientists aim to explain, predict, and interpret social phenomena. This multidisciplinary field encompasses a wide range of subjects, including sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, political science, and geography, among others.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Key Disciplines in Social Science:</span></h3><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Sociology:</b> Sociology examines social behavior, interactions, and the structure of society. It explores topics such as social inequality, family dynamics, social institutions, and the impact of culture on individuals and groups.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Anthropology:</b> Anthropology focuses on studying human societies and cultures, both past and present. It investigates various aspects of human life, including language, beliefs, customs, and social structures, to gain a comprehensive understanding of human diversity.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Psychology:</b> Psychology investigates human behavior and mental processes. It explores topics such as cognition, perception, personality, and social interactions, aiming to unravel the intricacies of the human mind.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Economics:</b> Economics examines the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It analyzes how individuals, businesses, and governments make choices to allocate resources and explores topics like market behavior, economic growth, and public policy.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Political Science:</b> Political science focuses on the study of political systems, government structures, and political behavior. It explores topics such as power, democracy, international relations, and public policy to understand the dynamics of political processes.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>History</b>: History focuses on the study of past events and their impact on human society.</span></li></ol><p></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Significance of Social Science Research:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Social science research plays a crucial role in shaping our understanding of society and addressing complex social issues. It provides evidence-based insights that can guide policymakers, educators, and social workers in making informed decisions.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Here are a few key reasons why social science research is essential:</b></span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Understanding Social Problems:</b> Social science research helps identify and understand various social problems, such as poverty, inequality, and crime. By examining their root causes and effects, researchers can propose effective solutions and policy recommendations.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Improving Public Policies:</b> Through rigorous analysis and evaluation, social science research contributes to the development of evidence-based public policies. This enables policymakers to implement measures that address societal challenges and promote social well-being.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Advancing Human Knowledge:</b> Social science research expands our knowledge of human behavior, culture, and society. It sheds light on social trends, patterns, and dynamics, providing valuable insights into our collective past, present, and future.</span></li><li><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Fostering Social Change:</b> Social science research has the potential to drive positive social change. By studying social movements, activism, and societal transformations, researchers can contribute to the creation of more inclusive and equitable societies.</span></li></ul><p></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><i>Conclusion:</i></b></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><i>Social science</i></b> is a dynamic and multidisciplinary field that allows us to unravel the complexities of human society. Through disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, psychology, economics, and political science, social scientists provide valuable insights into social behavior, culture, and institutions. Their research helps us understand and address social issues, shape public policies, and foster positive social change. By exploring the realms of social science, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the diverse tapestry of human existence and work towards building a better future for all.</span></p>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-12973839053850608852023-06-04T14:46:00.003+05:302023-06-04T14:56:10.690+05:30Which is the best guide for Class 10 CBSE Social Science?<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Best Guide for Class 10 CBSE Social Science</span></h2><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The CBSE Class 10 Social Science exam is a challenging one, but it doesn't have to be. With the right guide, you can ace the exam and get the grades you deserve.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Kp1GtKUaTTeOE9UaAwk3Y2-nox6ICRbOwRyoENfsolYGbuzU4KPIdBqOhHId-p_ZsDXeO5I5runYo4POpDPlw8Z9l1SPyJwzSWaFQWuO7hHLBt_nSzIV96TG7v8bBIwBsHbiFDGurlmwXZ_GEiv1kB2XF2NPtntiAEoGUaEQ78v3SudKQslHbtfN/s1280/best%20guide%20for%20CBSE%20class%2010%20social%20science.png" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><img alt="Best guide for CBSE Class 10 Social Science" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="225" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Kp1GtKUaTTeOE9UaAwk3Y2-nox6ICRbOwRyoENfsolYGbuzU4KPIdBqOhHId-p_ZsDXeO5I5runYo4POpDPlw8Z9l1SPyJwzSWaFQWuO7hHLBt_nSzIV96TG7v8bBIwBsHbiFDGurlmwXZ_GEiv1kB2XF2NPtntiAEoGUaEQ78v3SudKQslHbtfN/w400-h225/best%20guide%20for%20CBSE%20class%2010%20social%20science.png" title="Best guide for CBSE Class 10 Social Science" width="400" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Best guide for CBSE Class 10 Social Science</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Here are some of the best guides for Class 10 CBSE Social Science:</span></h3><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">1. All in One Social Science CBSE Class 10 by Arihant</span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://amzn.to/3IVa5e0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Social science by arihant" border="0" data-original-height="892" data-original-width="700" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8mBbmkojMXSx2pYmpDOGafI9F3myTqY_OQi3ADq0GhKtXWF4-nLEkHfFZs82EXVBjhB4CyRHfwiyPSIYJLoMsf21ajm9juxjxld15NDrktv0B1-fSxQ8nZENddd_oDpFiZDGlP-STlKplw5q5JR8ePcx4-J_qK1Wnb_5-NDsv30Og1uWldO1FTc1v/w314-h400/All%20in%20One%20Social%20Science%20CBSE%20Class%2010%20by%20Arihant.jpg" title="Social science by arihant" width="314" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><p style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://amzn.to/3IVa5e0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">All in One Social Science CBSE Class 10 by Arihant</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-family: helvetica;"><b><a href="https://amzn.to/3IVa5e0" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">BUY NOW</a></b></span></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This comprehensive guide covers all the topics in the CBSE Class 10 Social Science syllabus. It includes detailed explanations of the concepts, as well as practice questions and answers.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><h3 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0f1111; font-size: 28px; line-height: 36px; margin-bottom: 0px !important; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span class="a-size-extra-large" id="productTitle" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 36px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Bank (2024 Exam) By Oswal</span></span></h3><div><span class="a-size-extra-large" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 36px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="a-size-extra-large" style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 36px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div>If you're a CBSE Class 10 student looking for a comprehensive and effective study resource for Social Science, then the Oswaal CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Bank (2024 Exam) is a must-have for you. This book is an excellent tool for students preparing for their upcoming board exams, as it covers the entire syllabus and includes previous year's questions, sample papers, and other valuable study material.</div><div><br /></div><div>The Oswaal CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Bank (2024 Exam) is written by subject matter experts and is designed to provide students with an in-depth understanding of the subject matter. This book is divided into chapters that cover all the important topics in Social Science, including History, Geography, Political Science, and Economics. Each chapter includes a summary of key concepts, important questions, and answers to frequently asked questions.</div><div><br /></div><div>The book also includes solved examples and practice questions, which help students test their knowledge and assess their understanding of the subject matter. Additionally, the book features a section on the latest CBSE exam pattern and marking scheme, which helps students to understand the exam structure and prepare accordingly.</div><div><br /></div><div>One of the best things about the Oswaal CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Bank (2024 Exam) is that it is written in a language that is easy to understand and follow. The book is also well-organized, which makes it easy to use as a reference guide during exam preparation.</div><div><br /></div><div>In conclusion, the Oswaal CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Bank (2024 Exam) is an excellent study resource for CBSE Class 10 students. It is comprehensive, well-organized, and written by subject matter experts. The book covers all the important topics in Social Science, includes solved examples and practice questions, and provides students with a thorough understanding of the subject matter. If you're looking for an effective study resource to help you prepare for your CBSE Class 10 Social Science exam, then this book is a great investment.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://amzn.to/3Chp8ux" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="1280" data-original-width="931" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj3YX_HXZwDxKuNmcgroV4f30W0BZix_zTHW1FOvx4Eff5v0848G4O62n5jL3OMteds1awpEoMPENDEV4f1DNlxRY3LLunloIotfqImlVL2WifhnQpy1-nG3bjAkG--5kI3kSnpnle9LVBKM5hVtJccDgl0aVRmpvT5Ap3YIzkYQ-qZ_cZB3Oj78RVh/w291-h400/B0BR87XRFR.01.S001.LXXXXXXX.jpg" width="291" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; text-align: start; white-space: pre-wrap;"><a href="https://amzn.to/3Chp8ux" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Oswaal CBSE Class 10 Social Science Question Bank (2024 Exam)</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><div style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://amzn.to/3Chp8ux" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">BUY NOW</a></b></div></span></span></div></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">2. Golden Guide for Social Science by Sudha Rastogi, S.A. Siddiqui, J.P. Singhal & Dr Gulshan Rai</span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://amzn.to/43Azsdv" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Golden Guide for Social Science by Sudha Rastogi, S.A. Siddiqui, J.P. Singhal & Dr Gulshan Rai" border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="906" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjD_NW4WcjKLU8A-GHB2BxqWUWr1SJtkw9Nn6jWxnzFnUsGYSRyEpg6RrkiGFoMpjS8Be_FKmJ5ItmhqP3H4rjx-eKkRhtlM1chx6ZS2GqPG537pJQL-nfiJR9ksieibCYMFGkuCv5-hb91hvY_ns6Oy5l5EjguTvDZ0OXybn61br1tjw7JVbMuAYsZ/w303-h400/Golden%20Guide%20for%20Social%20Science%20by%20Sudha%20Rastogi,%20S.A.%20Siddiqui,%20J.P.%20Singhal%20&%20Dr%20Gulshan%20Rai.jpg" title="Golden Guide for Social Science by Sudha Rastogi, S.A. Siddiqui, J.P. Singhal & Dr Gulshan Rai" width="303" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://amzn.to/43Azsdv" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"> Golden Guide for Social Science</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="background-color: #fcff01; font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://amzn.to/43Azsdv" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Buy Now</a></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This guide is written by a team of experienced teachers and authors. It is packed with information and insights, and it includes a variety of practice questions to help you prepare for the exam.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">3. S Chand for Social Science by N.K Chowdhry</span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi14VmvGaLtU99jqFEN0kVYSuLtlf21C-PHZ29LGEWhYwMqawNeJj3Hv5o7yejitJCSf82yXW3k9eDO4xHo_IPnXkv4tqM2Z4QT4iJ6bKhtXRvvpF9MwfsB3IHgCWuafPrrn_K5xzjImHyBd7IjYgSV0E5n0jCXrkhkz5QOFXdyRwFW-VlNAjnRga7N/s499/S%20Chand%20for%20Social%20Science%20by%20N.K%20Chowdhry.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><img alt="S Chand for Social Science by N.K Chowdhry" border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="386" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi14VmvGaLtU99jqFEN0kVYSuLtlf21C-PHZ29LGEWhYwMqawNeJj3Hv5o7yejitJCSf82yXW3k9eDO4xHo_IPnXkv4tqM2Z4QT4iJ6bKhtXRvvpF9MwfsB3IHgCWuafPrrn_K5xzjImHyBd7IjYgSV0E5n0jCXrkhkz5QOFXdyRwFW-VlNAjnRga7N/w310-h400/S%20Chand%20for%20Social%20Science%20by%20N.K%20Chowdhry.jpg" title="S Chand for Social Science by N.K Chowdhry" width="310" /></span></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://amzn.to/43AVA6M" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">S Chand for Social Science by N.K Chowdhry</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://amzn.to/43AVA6M" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank">BUY NOW</a></span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This guide is known for its clear and concise explanations. It also includes a variety of practice questions, as well as a detailed answer key.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">4. Xam Idea for Social Science by Editorial Board</span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><a href="https://amzn.to/3OPc2wh" rel="nofollow" target="_blank"><img alt="Xam Idea for Social Science" border="0" data-original-height="499" data-original-width="369" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj65IyZWLms94j4BidsQwtTNO0CvBKbvmskeSIAJ9uNcj12yI5KqBPKrVufXcc1Ds0bpU3peFMu2UjsnsJSmZSRZChog7Zw9GRkgKABMPfu0fNzf8CRt6JZM9fe6XrSODdcEZaOzvKJVTf01tPB_js70L-vuEGCDjlX2r3QC0aHUzgsm_Wh99MN5azj/w296-h400/Xam%20Idea%20for%20Social%20Science.jpg" title="Xam Idea for Social Science" width="296" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://amzn.to/3OPc2wh" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Xam Idea for Social Science</a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: center;" trbidi="on"><b><a href="https://amzn.to/3OPc2wh" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: #fcff01;" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">BUY NOW</span></a></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This guide is a great option for students who are looking for a comprehensive and challenging study guide. It includes detailed explanations of the concepts, as well as practice questions and answers.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">No matter which guide you choose, make sure to practice regularly and to focus on the concepts that you find most challenging. With hard work and dedication, you can ace the CBSE Class 10 Social Science exam.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Additional tips for preparing for the CBSE Class 10 Social Science exam:</span></h4><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Start studying early.</b> The earlier you start studying, the more time you will have to cover the material and to practice for the exam.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Create a study schedule and stick to it.</b> A study schedule will help you to stay on track and to make sure that you are covering all of the material.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Form a study group with friends or classmates. Studying with others can help you to stay motivated and to learn from each other.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Take practice tests.</b> Taking practice tests will help you to get familiar with the format of the exam and to identify areas where you need more practice.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Get a good night's sleep before the exam.</b> Being well-rested will help you to focus and to perform your best on the exam.</span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Conclusion</span></b></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The CBSE Class 10 Social Science exam can be challenging, but it doesn't have to be. With the right guide and with hard work and dedication, you can ace the exam and get the grades you deserve.</span></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0India20.593684 78.96288-3.6682185530961284 43.80663 44.855586553096131 114.11913tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-90623574140423338642023-05-07T16:33:00.001+05:302023-05-07T16:33:17.940+05:30Resources and development | Class 10 Notes<p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Resources and development are two interrelated terms that play a crucial role in shaping the economy of a country. Resources refer to the natural or man-made assets that are available for use, while development refers to the process of improving the quality of life through economic growth and social progress. The proper utilization of resources can lead to sustainable development and contribute to the overall well-being of a society. In this article, we will discuss the concept of resources and development and how they are related.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBmn0Y_eKQXskRWoMQZMe87QvMaG5gPYO1wNrLIR2F1jO4oEVtRahuLK1OtwAlesgZ4jMth43ExvewuVfjM9QVSb8xpPZNxiEf6k7w7uvXvIvsCh_av0KX61QD7RUH8HKyuL0CHtwr3lVZ5-mB-JJU5s-MdRORPneI2-cFP8fF3m0NA9IcwfxkL98F/s1280/Resources%20and%20development.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Resources and development" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBmn0Y_eKQXskRWoMQZMe87QvMaG5gPYO1wNrLIR2F1jO4oEVtRahuLK1OtwAlesgZ4jMth43ExvewuVfjM9QVSb8xpPZNxiEf6k7w7uvXvIvsCh_av0KX61QD7RUH8HKyuL0CHtwr3lVZ5-mB-JJU5s-MdRORPneI2-cFP8fF3m0NA9IcwfxkL98F/w640-h360/Resources%20and%20development.png" title="Resources and development" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Types of Resources:</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Resources can be broadly categorized into two types: natural and human-made resources. Natural resources include air, water, land, forests, minerals, and fossil fuels, while human-made resources include infrastructure, machinery, tools, and equipment. Natural resources are finite, and their availability is limited, while human-made resources can be created through the use of technology and innovation.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Importance of Resources:</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Resources are essential for the economic development of a country. They provide the necessary raw materials for industries to produce goods and services, which in turn creates jobs and generates income. The proper utilization of resources can also lead to environmental sustainability, as it promotes the conservation and preservation of natural resources.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Development:</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Development refers to the process of improving the quality of life through economic growth and social progress. Economic growth is achieved by increasing the production of goods and services, while social progress is achieved by improving the standard of living, education, healthcare, and other social indicators.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Role of Resources in Development:</span></h3><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Resources play a vital role in the development of a country. Natural resources provide the necessary raw materials for industries, which can then produce goods and services that contribute to economic growth. For example, the oil industry in Saudi Arabia contributes significantly to the country's economy, accounting for over 90% of its export earnings.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Human-made resources, on the other hand, provide the necessary infrastructure, machinery, and equipment to support economic growth. For example, the development of transportation infrastructure, such as roads, railways, and airports, can facilitate the movement of goods and people, promoting trade and economic growth.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Sustainable Development:</span></h4><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Sustainable development is a concept that emphasizes the use of resources in a way that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It involves balancing economic growth with environmental sustainability and social progress. Sustainable development can be achieved through the proper management and utilization of resources.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Conclusion</b>:</span></p><p><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Resources and development are two interrelated concepts that are essential for the economic and social well-being of a society. The proper utilization of resources can lead to sustainable development and contribute to the overall well-being of a society. It is important to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability and social progress to ensure that future generations can also benefit from the resources available to us.</span></p>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-48574309172472315622022-10-10T14:32:00.002+05:302022-10-10T14:32:39.390+05:30Write a note on Count Camillo de Cavour | Class 10 History Chapter 1<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Count Camillo de Cavour was Chief Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont state who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy.</span></h2><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiifityXMVH3Ki4JLy-l6zr5-zHdgAjIWhm2Mr2o3PVdfYbgK4uhwyZEO9Ti0eZoF4mMAFbxrU35NBF2YcWG3qugermWovOssk7oLDSERuWPyP_hjirwFmK-RPnMgSJDvyB8q_aqBjUHfh2r0R2LgOUkxyJtcyjK_Xqt9asP8YJxhSZea-znuFQu8aI/s1280/Write%20a%20note%20on%20Count%20Camillo%20de%20Cavour.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Write a note on Count Camillo de Cavour" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiifityXMVH3Ki4JLy-l6zr5-zHdgAjIWhm2Mr2o3PVdfYbgK4uhwyZEO9Ti0eZoF4mMAFbxrU35NBF2YcWG3qugermWovOssk7oLDSERuWPyP_hjirwFmK-RPnMgSJDvyB8q_aqBjUHfh2r0R2LgOUkxyJtcyjK_Xqt9asP8YJxhSZea-znuFQu8aI/w640-h360/Write%20a%20note%20on%20Count%20Camillo%20de%20Cavour.png" title="Write a note on Count Camillo de Cavour" width="640" /></a></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><b><i>Count Camillo de Cavour</i></b> was the Chief Minister of Sardinia-Piedmont state who led the movement to unify the regions of Italy. He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat. Like many other wealthy and educated members of the Italian elite, he spoke French much better than he did Italian. He engineered a careful diplomatic alliance with France, which helped Sardinia-Piedmont defeat the Austrian forces in 1859, and thereby free the northern part of Italy from the Austrian Habsburgs.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: arial;"><div><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><b><i>Count Camillo de Cavour</i></b> led the movement to unify Italy</li><li>He was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat.</li><li>Through a tactful diplomatic alliance engineered by Cavour, Sardini-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.</li></ol></div></span></div>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-8989375848974347742022-10-10T13:53:00.003+05:302022-10-10T13:53:51.836+05:30Write a note on Guiseppe Mazzini | Class 10 History Chapter 1<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Guiseppe Mazzini was born on 22 June, 1805 and died on 10 March 1872.</span></h2><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Here's a note on Guiseppe Mazzini:</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #333333;"><span style="font-family: arial;">During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for the unitary Italian Republic. He had also formed a secret society called ‘Young Italy’ for the dissemination of his goals.</span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhd6vH0fzhByXzGRI_o7bA5r6iVGQEpWEuHkQw7Zco7qxTx_VIUKloEL_9A5OEVG4l29MPX5Ypiroaj6ifLathZPdRkogdlLHqWkSOSDgCsiOc9aA5XifG-bUOFp7ohXZ5vkvIfmtnO62qgmIW4PL7-DxGepWxG5BB7go0QksVdYlbgesFrSXC5sWx/s1280/Write%20a%20note%20on%20Guiseppe%20Mazzini.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Write a note on Guiseppe Mazzini" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" height="360" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhd6vH0fzhByXzGRI_o7bA5r6iVGQEpWEuHkQw7Zco7qxTx_VIUKloEL_9A5OEVG4l29MPX5Ypiroaj6ifLathZPdRkogdlLHqWkSOSDgCsiOc9aA5XifG-bUOFp7ohXZ5vkvIfmtnO62qgmIW4PL7-DxGepWxG5BB7go0QksVdYlbgesFrSXC5sWx/w640-h360/Write%20a%20note%20on%20Guiseppe%20Mazzini.png" title="Write a note on Guiseppe Mazzini" width="640" /></a></div><p><span style="font-family: arial;">An Italian patriot, philosopher and politician, Mazzini's efforts helped bring about the modern Italian state in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. He also helped define the modern European movement for popular Democracy in a Republican State.</span></p>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-46315829761332210902020-08-10T13:39:00.001+05:302020-08-10T13:43:04.496+05:30Smart Study Technique Scientific Tips (10 Tips)<p></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, what if I told you that you could cover
twice as much in half the amount of time and be much more effective. I’m going
to tell you how to study smart and not hard and give you 10 proven scientific
techniques to do that.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><o:p></o:p></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1yNLMUllEiO4OJeKzeCfUHiNKlkm0msTczG8Oy5u0U0Tcnw2vK_nXPzTte08vMkF_J-2x5vgpv0GKrT1ivnKb9GU35-B8zMMzlQw2SmfFBThiuIA5u3p3xyPII9lbPZtLC8GCbCemslw/s1280/Smart+Study+Technique+Scientific+Tips+%252810+Tips%2529.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1yNLMUllEiO4OJeKzeCfUHiNKlkm0msTczG8Oy5u0U0Tcnw2vK_nXPzTte08vMkF_J-2x5vgpv0GKrT1ivnKb9GU35-B8zMMzlQw2SmfFBThiuIA5u3p3xyPII9lbPZtLC8GCbCemslw/s640/Smart+Study+Technique+Scientific+Tips+%252810+Tips%2529.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Smart Study Technique Scientific Tips (10 Tips)</i></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart technique number one is STUDY IN
CHUNKS.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The Pomodoro Technique says you should
study for 25 minutes take a five-minute break and then repeat this three times
over and then take a longer break. But 25 minutes may not be your perfect chunk
of time.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So how do you find your attention span. I
would take up a book and start reading and the moment I find myself getting
distracted or dozing off, I’ll press that timer and bingo that’s my perfect
chunk of time.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now chances are that when you complete that
single chunk of time which could be 25 minutes for example you haven’t totally
finished that topic of concept and that’s actually a good thing. Because now
the Zeigarnik effect will come into play which states that the human brain
tends to remember incomplete and unfinished tasks much better than it does
completed tasks.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, while you take that five-minute break,
your brain is going to process that unfinished task or concept. And when you
get back to it in the second lot of 25 minutes, you’re going to have much more
clarity.</span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Technique number two is 20% READ 80%
RECITE.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now sometimes I find that we read the
entire day. We go from one subject to the next, but we are either reading from
a book or from a laptop. And the brain gets so bone tired that it totally stops
paying attention.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now how about this? You read a concept,
close your book, ask yourself a question and try to answer it without opening
that book back in your own words. Perhaps that you’ve learned some time back
and the perfect smart study tip is 20% read 80% revise.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And also try to come up with your own
examples to understand every concept. And don’t forget to go back and check
with your teacher whether your examples are relevant for that concept.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart scientific tip number three is SPACED
REPETITION.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now instead of spending the entire day
going over one single topic how about you study one concept and then change the
topic. And you come back maybe later or the next day and go over that concept a
little bit and then switch to the next concept.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, what will happen is that you’ll repeat
that concept over a few days and a few times. And that is what we call spaced
repetition.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now the mind learns the concept better when
you go over it over and over again rather than spending a large amount of time
on a single day trying to attack that concept. Also varying topics and even
subjects help the brain sometimes to interlink concepts between topics and
subjects.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">That’s a great way also to solidify your
understanding.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart study scientific tip number four is
NOTES.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now one really clever way to save your time
it’s to go over your class notes within minutes of the class getting over. And
all you need to do is to just browse over those notes and put whatever is still
stuck in your head. You haven’t been able to write it down.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Put all that information quickly on the
paper so when you go back later on and open those notes. They’ll be complete
and this is one really special smart study tip that’ll help you save a huge
amount of time.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart scientific technique number five is
STUDY LIKE A TEACHER.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now instead of studying like a student and
trying to remember tons of information how about you think like a teacher? Now
two things will happen when you do that.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">One is you’ll begin to anticipate which are
the important questions really from that topic.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And two, of course science has proven that
teaching someone helps you learn better. And the smart study tip here is to
teach-test-mix. Teach someone. Test yourself frequently which means take a lot
of practice tests or mock tests and mix means mix up your subjects mix up your
topics.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And if you don’t find anyone to teach,
teach your favorite stuff toys.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart scientific tip number six is SQ3R.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">S for survey. And this is a technique
that’s going to help you get the most out of your textbook. So, when you pick
up the textbook first survey the chapter. Just go over, browse all the pages in
that chapter, go right to the question section.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Q for questions. Go over the questions,
just read them once before you start reading the chapter.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And the 3 R’s are read, recite and review.
Read and recite. Go back to the 20% read 80% recite tip number 2, and review
goes back to the spaced repetition. So, when you pick up your textbook, browse,
go to the questions, come back, read, shut your book, ask yourself a question
and recite and then review over a period of time.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart technique number seven is MNEMONICS.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">I’m going to tell you not only to use
mnemonics but you can also use coined sayings and image associations. And the
smart study tip here is that the weirder the image the stronger the
association.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Let’s talk about coined sayings. Coined
sayings for example are SOHCAHTOA. Remember using that in trigonometry to
remember your sign, cos and tan.</span></span></p>
<h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart study tip number eight is PLACE.</span></span></h2>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now some people will tell you that you
should sit in a fixed place with the table lamp on, in the same place every
single time to study. But I don’t believe in that. Some people work better when
they study on a fixed place at a fixed time with the table lamp on and some
people don’t.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Some people like to move around, they like
to go to different places. They like to have some action when they are
learning. So, the important thing is, when it comes to place, it is for you to
find out what works best for you. And once you figure out what kind of places
you like to study in, just stick to that. Let nobody tell you. Just stick to
only a particular type of place.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart tip number nine is TIME TABLE.</span></span></h3>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">There is no smarter tip than planning. Plan
your week, plan your day. In fact, even plan down to the last hour. And you’ll
come to a surprise at how much you can achieve because the brain is more
productive. Because it knows exactly what it has to do and for how long.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Smart study technique number ten is SLEEP.</span></span></h4>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now some of you will ask me, should I study
late in the night or should I study early in the morning? And there is no right
answer. But the right answer is that sleep is brain food. So, you need at least
about 7.5 hours of sleep every day and typically 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. is a great
slot.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, no all-nighters before your exam. And
remember that if you have a theory exam the next day. Science has proven that
the earlier you sleep in the night the better you tend to perform.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, if some of you feel that you’re wasting
time sleeping and instead of sleeping for that one hour. I can just study for
that extra one hour, you’ll find it to be completely counterproductive. So,
sleep and sleep well before an exam is my super smart study tip.</span></span><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang=""><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And that’s all from me now. If you have any
other great tip in your mind, kindly comment below.</span></span></p><p></p>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-30211549595350527782020-08-09T10:53:00.000+05:302020-08-09T10:53:30.218+05:30How To Answer A Question In Board Exam (Tips & Rules)<p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">To answer a question wisely like a topper in board exam is what you want learn. So, in this article we're going to talk about those specific things. That you need to do in order to write high scoring answers.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Has it ever happened to you that you know everything, you're very well prepared and you just don't score well on your exam? And did you know that having mastery over your subject and scoring well in your exams are two really different things?</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq3Q0qgmMYJE0abiYUYdxS_MBk8mV2RS4FUIbRadha0irtpCXocpCjxz6nuvbxz0EgP-bDR9Vq7dp24oID4dWeGb2i7kw1igUba0KPohbcma-wQP5JoBMaj5LvcoewF9fFM6uZ9wXScp0/s1280/How+To+Answer+A+Question+In+Board+Exam+%2528Tips+%2526+Rules%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px;"><img alt="How To Answer A Question In Board Exam (Tips & Rules)" border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiq3Q0qgmMYJE0abiYUYdxS_MBk8mV2RS4FUIbRadha0irtpCXocpCjxz6nuvbxz0EgP-bDR9Vq7dp24oID4dWeGb2i7kw1igUba0KPohbcma-wQP5JoBMaj5LvcoewF9fFM6uZ9wXScp0/w640-h427/How+To+Answer+A+Question+In+Board+Exam+%2528Tips+%2526+Rules%2529.jpg" title="How To Answer A Question In Board Exam (Tips & Rules)" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>How To Answer A Question In Board Exam (Tips & Rules)</i></td></tr></tbody></table></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><u>So, let's get going.</u></span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Hey, this is <b><a href="https://nandanverma.com/" target="_blank">Nandan Verma</a></b> and you're reading this article on <b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">Toppers Social Science</a></b>.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">I met with principals and examiner's and also analysed past papers of toppers over several years.</span></span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>So in the article we're going to cover two things:</b></span></span></p><p></p><ol style="text-align: left;"><li><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Exam to-dos: What are those things you need to do as soon as you get into that examination hall?</span></li><li><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-family: helvetica; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Paper presentation strategies and specific tips for you to present your science, social studies, maths, English or any other paper.</span></li></ol><p></p><div><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The exam to-dos before we
answer a question.</span></b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And the first is the timing. As soon as you get your paper, divide the total time between each question, leaving 15 minutes at the end for revision.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now perhaps you have 10 short answer type questions and you want to put 40 minutes for them. And perhaps you have three to five long answer type questions for about five marks or ten marks. And you want to keep an hour or an hour and a half for that.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now you could perhaps do this even before when you're doing your practice papers for revision. You can plan out the timings and as soon as you go into the hall. Write the timings down next to each question.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You're aware, sometimes we spend so much time writing the first few short answers so beautifully and neatly. And by the time we reach the last ten mark answer we are rushing through it. And missing out on marks over there.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, wear a wrist watch. Don't depend on the wall clock. And if your time is running out, leave the question and move forward.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The second thing in the exam to do before
we answer a question.</span></b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Read the question twice and also notice the command word at the beginning of every question. And read the entire sentence twice because ‘distinguish’ is different from list and ‘describe’ is different from give advantages of.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now, sometimes we are in so much excitement and we read the first few words of the question and we jump right into answering it. Because we've seen a familiar question before. This is a trap, be very careful.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And the third thing to do in the exam is
for CBSE and ICSE students.</span></b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">If you get a question in your paper that you think is out of your syllabus, please attempt it. It has happened in the past that the examiners discovered that the question was out of syllabus and they decided to give marks to the student who attempted it irrespective of whether it was right or wrong.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, if you have no negative marking on your paper, please attempt every single question.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now, we all know that content is king but presentation and creating the right first impression go a long way. So, let's begin with your science and social sciences paper.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now try answering the question in the first line itself of the answer directly. For example, a science question is, ‘List three characteristics of lungs which make it an efficient respiratory surface’. Start your answer with the characteristics of lungs which make it an efficient respiratory surface.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">For example, in a social science question, ‘Why did Gandhiji decide to call off the non-cooperation movement?’. Begin the answer with ‘Gandhiji decided to call off the non-cooperation movement because’.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now, once we finish these first sentences, give the rest of the answer in points in an orderly fashion preferably with the most important point right up in the beginning.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Tips to write answers in board exams.</span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">When answering objective type questions, underline the answer or the main keyword or you can put a box around it. You can also highlight, underline, draw boxes around important points.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">For example, a social science question is, ‘Name a political party in India that grew out of a movement’. Answer, ‘The political party in India that grew out of a movement is AIADMK’ and put a box around AIADMK.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Notice how we rephrase the question and wrote it as a complete statement. We didn't just put the answer right there even though it was an objective type question. If the question is to distinguish between, then answer the question in columns.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">If it's a 2-mark question write about four points and try giving examples. Always use a pencil and ruler for making the columns. If the question is for five marks most often you would be expected to write about five points and always summarize in the last sentence.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In science draw diagrams if possible. Use a sharp pencil, draw neat diagrams and label them also. Remember to give a proper title to each diagram in social sciences. If you have map work please put the question number on the top left corner of the map and circle it.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>How to present a paper in board exam?</b></span></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #191e23; font-family: helvetica;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">And now let's see paper presentation strategies for our math papers.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The first thing you do when you get a map paper is write down all the information that's given in the question in the same order. The format for a math answer should be given to find formulae, proof format and the answer in units in math.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Even if your answer is correct but you forget to write the units that could be a costly mistake like centimetres or rupees. And if there are no specified units in the question then write your answer as 12 units.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">For example, always put the final answer in a box. If there are tables required to be drawn in the math paper, always draw them using a pencil and a ruler.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Rules for writing board exam.</span></b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now for all subjects, when you get your exam answer sheet draw a margin on the left-hand side. Because when you attach your supplementary sheets something that you write in the corner on the left-hand side of your paper actually won't be so clearly visible.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And in the math paper, I would suggest you, draw margin on the right-hand side as well so you can use that for rough work as you're solving this question. And you don't have to keep flipping back to the last page of your answer booklet.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">But remember to cross out the rough work when you finished answering that question. If there is a graph paper make sure you write the question number on the graph paper and also the scale. Mark and label the axis. And when you are attaching this graph paper to your sheets, don't attach it right at the end. Because sometimes it's a single sheet that could tear off. Put it in the middle of your supplementary sheets and tie a thread. Preferably keep it right next to the question itself.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">How to answer English Paper in Board Exam?</span></b></span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now let's take a look at your English paper. If you have reading comprehension, always read the questions before you read the passage. That way you know what information you're looking for when you read the passage.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">In the writing section if you have to write a letter format, for example, always pay specific attention to the word limit.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><h3 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">General tips on how to present exam paper
neatly.</span></b></span></h3><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Okay, now some general tips on paper presentation which would apply to all subjects.</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span lang="EN-GB"></span></span></p><ul aria-label="Write list…" aria-multiline="true" class="rich-text block-editor-rich-text__editable" role="textbox" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin-bottom: 28px; margin-left: 1.3em; outline: none; padding-bottom: inherit; padding-left: 1.3em; padding-right: inherit; padding-top: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;"><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: initial;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Try to write as neatly and legibly as possible.</span></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: initial;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Leave spaces and if you cut something out, just use one line to cut it out.</span></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: initial;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Don't make a whole spiderweb on it.</span></li><li style="box-sizing: inherit; margin-bottom: initial;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Try to leave a line between two answers.</span></li></ul><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And what I've noticed in the toppers papers is that at the end of every question they actually draw a line to tell the examiner that the answer is complete.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Okay one of the questions on your mind is ‘Should I answer the questions in the same order in which they are presented to me in the exam paper?’. And the answer is, ‘Yes’. You should. You can sort of do one section. Let's say you do section A and then if you don't want to do section B you can go to section C if you want to.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">But when you start a section, answer all the questions in that in serial order. And if you don't know a particular answer, leave a few lines for it and go back to it later and fill it in another place.</span></span></div><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;">Must Read: </span><b><u><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2020/08/feel-study-hard-motivation-students.html" target="_blank">Feel And Study Hard (Motivation ForStudents)</a></u></b></span></div><div><h4 style="text-align: left;"><span lang="EN-GB"><b><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Board Exam Paper Presentation</span></b></span></h4><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">I found people losing marks for when they were giving extra information. Now, there was this question which said ‘Give advantages of an AC current’ and I found that the student had beautifully written all the advantages. But in his excitement in the end went and said disadvantages of AC current.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">One, two and three and the examiner unfortunately did not give him full marks.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now another tip would be to write your paper in only black or blue ink and not green or red. Because that's what examiner's use and don't use SMS or short form kind of language. Try to use as many scientific and technical terms as you can.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Now when you're revising your paper at the end, remember we left 15minutes to revise the paper. One of the things for you to do is go back to the question paper and tick off all the questions that you answer to be sure that you haven't accidentally left something.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-color: white; color: #191e23; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">And the second area where I find people make mistakes, is they accidentally write the wrong question number. So always check that for your answer you've written the right question number next to it.</span></span></p></div><span style="color: #191e23; font-family: Noto Serif;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></div>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-2056144259550105512020-08-08T15:04:00.000+05:302020-08-08T15:04:22.290+05:30Feel And Study Hard (Motivation For Students)<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">How much time do you spend every day
debating with yourself whether you should go and study or procrastinate a
little longer? Do you feel the power of studying hard?</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Well, let me give you some advice.
Sometimes you have to ignore what you’re feeling and just go through the
motions.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You might feel like watching TV. You might
feel like doing something and you might not feel like doing something. And
instead of not doing it, just go ahead and go through the motions.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Get it done. Get out there and do what
you’re supposed to do. It’s the problem most students have.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">They negotiate with procrastination and at
first, it’s difficult to overcome. But the more you repeat it, the more you make
yourself study hard, even when you don’t feel like it. The easier it will
become.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkIWh6vEItLxw27KH_us-jRD8mcJsNbvtrQ3l4Qw_yuoGHV63hWSY5Vz21yDrnERlbAvOqr4GmdaehM6KD4EYDmwRRqjU455O2Y38REaCm84h-ZugIgP79Gb1GyFJXtKX-4wB5GtaYryM/s1280/Feel+And+Study+Hard+%2528Motivation+For+Students%2529.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="display: block; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 1em 0px;"><img alt="Feel And Study Hard (Motivation For Students)" border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1280" height="427" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkIWh6vEItLxw27KH_us-jRD8mcJsNbvtrQ3l4Qw_yuoGHV63hWSY5Vz21yDrnERlbAvOqr4GmdaehM6KD4EYDmwRRqjU455O2Y38REaCm84h-ZugIgP79Gb1GyFJXtKX-4wB5GtaYryM/w640-h427/Feel+And+Study+Hard+%2528Motivation+For+Students%2529.jpg" title="Feel And Study Hard (Motivation For Students)" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Feel And Study Hard (Motivation For Students)</td></tr></tbody></table></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b>Get up and go and study hard.</b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">We all know the students that complain
about their grades. They make excuses. Why they couldn’t achieve higher? But
because they’re making excuses, they blame everyone else, but not themselves.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, they don’t do anything about it. They
don’t fix anything; they don’t improve anything. The simply don’t feel
anything.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, they continue getting the same grades.
If all you do is complaining, nothing is going to happen in your life.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Be obsessed over your future, be consumed
by the possibilities.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The super-successful don’t stop when they
hit their targets. They simply reset and go again.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">That dream is not going to just sit there
and wait for you to come and get it. You have got to chase it; you’ve got to
chase it like a man possessed.</span></p><h2 style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Do you feel like studying hard?</span></h2><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You have to feel it.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You have got to go and get it.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, what are you doing about it?</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">You’ve got to take action with your
studying.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Find a solution to your problem. Don’t be
the problem.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, always remember that for every action,
there is an equal and opposite reaction.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">If you increase your studying by 50%, your
grades are also likely to increase and if they don’t then find out why.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">So, <b><a href="https://youtu.be/zCyHGaDgdpA" target="_blank">watch the video</a></b> below to feel the
message of this motivational article.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/zCyHGaDgdpA" width="320" youtube-src-id="zCyHGaDgdpA"></iframe></div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div>Must Read:<br /><br /></span><div><b style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://nandanverma.com/direct-result-of-the-studying-for-motivation/" target="_blank">Direct result of the studying (For Motivation)</a></b><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p></div><div><p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2017/08/class-10-social-science-tips-and-tricks.html" target="_blank">Tips and tricks to score 100% marks</a></b></span><o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></div></div>Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-42146845649469210862020-04-26T16:21:00.001+05:302020-04-26T16:39:44.018+05:30CBSE Board | CBSE News | CBSE Latest News | Class 10 of 2020 in India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">As Class 10 understudies had nearly finished their tests, with just two subjects remaining — Information and Communication Technology, and Computer Applications.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">Both of those tests won't be held now, and the Board said it would give elective guidelines to surveying those understudies.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has affirmed that the new board test datesheet 2020 will be refreshed in the blink of an eye.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTh4GJPudTQUU_bvKEZjDTMBJUNKJWNAGtTzrDq9zgiPHa-NdM6uL-wZ5cAHw4cTXIumJBdjf3yk-O2_tVu9pKi8XqiW9iprAE79z4KOpYvV6IL9JLAnPXUIYhSz1EDRylMtJvJDfbUmU/s1600/CBSE+Board+-+CBSE+News+-+CBSE+Latest+News.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="CBSE Board - CBSE News - CBSE Latest News - Class 10 of 2020 in India" border="0" data-original-height="720" data-original-width="1280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTh4GJPudTQUU_bvKEZjDTMBJUNKJWNAGtTzrDq9zgiPHa-NdM6uL-wZ5cAHw4cTXIumJBdjf3yk-O2_tVu9pKi8XqiW9iprAE79z4KOpYvV6IL9JLAnPXUIYhSz1EDRylMtJvJDfbUmU/s1600/CBSE+Board+-+CBSE+News+-+CBSE+Latest+News.jpg" title="CBSE Board - CBSE News - CBSE Latest News - Class 10 of 2020 in India" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">CBSE Board | CBSE News | CBSE Latest News | Class 10 of 2020 in India</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The assessment of the finished assessments will begin a couple of days post the lifting of the across the nation lockdown.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The Board has likewise implied that the quantity of inspectors will be expanded to help total the assessment procedure quicker.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The CBSE test controller, Dr Sanyam Bhardwaj, has declared that the pending CBSE board assessments will be directed after the lockdown is lifted.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This was chosen in a virtual gathering with more than 100 CBSE board school Principals.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">What the video below to understand everything properly:</span><br />
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Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-86082466023385476842019-08-03T22:31:00.000+05:302019-08-03T22:31:42.798+05:30Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes pdf<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Download Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes pdf and revise Nationalisn in India Class 10 notes with Nationalism in India Class 10 Questions Answers.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZqP6UeANG5mtErQb5wwOaX48wfJ_n8DrgyTaGV7xWhgtHDDfZP-9r-zC6c1RWjPaFtcnaVzh86UBPcTew8FYDg9Ou69NdDbpepoNFvosvM1JYN7T5RDnz7uPf1ixtu7gmyk_OzCR23RI/s1600/Nationalism+in+India+Class+10+Notes+pdf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes pdf" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZqP6UeANG5mtErQb5wwOaX48wfJ_n8DrgyTaGV7xWhgtHDDfZP-9r-zC6c1RWjPaFtcnaVzh86UBPcTew8FYDg9Ou69NdDbpepoNFvosvM1JYN7T5RDnz7uPf1ixtu7gmyk_OzCR23RI/s640/Nationalism+in+India+Class+10+Notes+pdf.jpg" title="Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes pdf" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Download Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes pdf</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1ntWF_HAuBRzvFqJ6DtRE2tr-vkT7lqiA" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">CLICK TO DOWNLOAD NATIONALISM IN INDIA CLASS 10 PDF</a></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">If you would like to read the web version of Nationalism in India Class 10 Notes pdf, go <b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2012/11/nationalism-in-india-mcqs-and-q.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></b>.</span><br />
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In India and as in numerous different states, the
development of present day patriotism is personally associated with the counter
provincial development. Individuals started finding their solidarity during the
time spent their battle with imperialism. The feeling of being mistreated under
imperialism gave a common bond that integrated a wide range of gatherings.
However, each class and gathering felt the impacts of expansionism in an
unexpected way, their encounters were fluctuated, and their ideas of
opportunity were not generally the equivalent. The Congress under Mahatma
Gandhi attempted to fashion these gatherings together inside one development.
In any case, the solidarity did not rise without strife.</span></span></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-57938924348649802212019-08-01T10:24:00.004+05:302019-08-01T10:24:49.541+05:30Impact of French Revolution on World<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">NCERT book rightly describes the </span><b style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><u>impact of French Revolution
on world</u></i></b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">. The French Revolution had a major impact on World.
Many of the measures taken by Napoleon that carried the revolutionary ideas of
liberty and modern laws to other parts of Europe had an impact on people long
after Napoleon had left.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The ideas of liberty and democratic rights were the most
important legacy of the French Revolution. These spread from France to the rest
of Europe during the nineteenth century, where feudal systems were abolished.
Colonised peoples reworked the idea of freedom from bondage into their
movements to create a sovereign nation state.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Tipu Sultan and Rammohan Roy are
two examples of individuals from India who responded to the ideas coming from
revolutionary France.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Historians widely regard the French Revolution as one of the most important
events in human history. The long-term impact on France was
profound in shaping politics, society, religion and ideas, and polarizing
politics for more than a century.</span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp3LXSABHZPCML-WzX1-2drXLP9J8SF8fp_4jcBh4XHZ4Ultgxvwxgrb1AGFClnZVmLAHG9VBrWZWQD_vI8OSOdtW1QYxP1NaSZvFadSvhBa_zj4onGSt9FX7G-8FMT4s2xsXLhmL2G5U/s1600/impact+of+french+revolution+on+world.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="impact of french revolution on world" border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjp3LXSABHZPCML-WzX1-2drXLP9J8SF8fp_4jcBh4XHZ4Ultgxvwxgrb1AGFClnZVmLAHG9VBrWZWQD_vI8OSOdtW1QYxP1NaSZvFadSvhBa_zj4onGSt9FX7G-8FMT4s2xsXLhmL2G5U/s1600/impact+of+french+revolution+on+world.jpg" title="impact of french revolution on world" /></a></td></tr>
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Read the impact of french revolution on world.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">French Revolution inspired the Germans, Italians, and Austrians to
overthrow their oppressive regimes. </span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The French Revolution inspired the struggling nations of
Asia and Africa who were groaning under the oppression of European
colonialism.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><i><u>What was the impact of French Revolution on world?</u></i></b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The <b><i>impact of French Revolution on world</i></b> is listed
below:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The French Revolution presented people with the idea of
revolutionary change instead of evolutionary change.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The French Revolution provided the world with two important
ideas known as liberty and democratic rights.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">All around the world colonized people began the
revolutionary movements to establish a sovereign nation-state of their own.</span></li>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b><u>Suggested readings about the French Revolution:</u></b></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2013/05/36-mcqs-of-french-revolution-class-ix.html" target="_blank">36 MCQs of French Revolution</a></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2015/06/189-questions-of-french-revolution-history-class-9-CBSE.html" target="_blank">189 Questions of the French Revolution</a></b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2019/08/role-of-women-in-french-revolution.html" target="_blank">Role of Women in FrenchRevolution</a></b></span></span></li>
</ul>
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Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-53701991903232405452019-08-01T09:25:00.000+05:302019-08-01T09:25:55.108+05:30Role of Women in French Revolution <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><i><u>Role of women in French Revolution</u></i></b> will inspire future generations of women to never give up. Let us read everything about the struggles of the <b><i>French Women</i></b> and discuss the <b><i>role of women in French Revolution</i></b>.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">From the very beginning women were active participants in
the events which brought about so many important changes in French society. They
hoped that their involvement would pressurize the revolutionary government to
introduce measures to improve their lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Most women of the third estate had to work for a living. They worked as seamstresses or laundresses, sold flowers, fruits and vegetables
at the market, or were employed as domestic servants in the houses of prosperous
people.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><u>Role of women in French Revolution and their struggle</u></b></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Most women did not have access to education or job training.
Only daughters of nobles or wealthier members of the third estate could study
at a convent, after which their families arranged a marriage for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Working women had also to care for their families, that is,
cook, fetch water, queue up for bread and look after the children.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Their wages were lower than those of men. In order to
discuss and voice their interests women started their own political clubs and
newspapers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSi_7o6iDcvLjE2jAkWj47Fmpt0zergw4RERU2xmsDHJDsgxXMbHeFKoBdeLh5yk2_UFsmyCdYBaEWqTu2NnoxXycGOqZ0WbSGI3Gk3d4V6j4BxVYMgkbpWB1N1jk1Bk7bUR-g1OBrpOg/s1600/role+of+women+in+french+revolution.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="role of women in french revolution, french women" border="0" data-original-height="630" data-original-width="1200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSi_7o6iDcvLjE2jAkWj47Fmpt0zergw4RERU2xmsDHJDsgxXMbHeFKoBdeLh5yk2_UFsmyCdYBaEWqTu2NnoxXycGOqZ0WbSGI3Gk3d4V6j4BxVYMgkbpWB1N1jk1Bk7bUR-g1OBrpOg/s1600/role+of+women+in+french+revolution.jpg" title="role of women in french revolution" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>French Women & the Role of Women in French Revolution</i></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">About sixty women’s clubs came up in different French cities.
The Society of Revolutionary and Republican Women was the most famous of them. One
of their main demands was that women enjoy the same political rights as men.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Women were disappointed that the Constitution of 1791
reduced them to passive citizens. They demanded the right to vote, to be elected
to the Assembly and to hold political office. Only then, they felt, would their
interests be represented in the new government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In the early years, the revolutionary government did
introduce laws that helped improve the lives of women. Together with the
creation of state schools, schooling was made compulsory for all girls. Their fathers
could no longer force them into marriage against their will. Marriage was made
into a contract entered into freely and registered under civil law. Divorce was
made legal, and could be applied for by both women and men. Women could now
train for jobs, could become artists or run small businesses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><u>Role of Women in French Revolution for equal political rights</u></b></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Women’s struggle for equal political rights, however,
continued. During the Reign of Terror, the new government issued laws ordering closure
of women’s clubs and banning their political activities. Many prominent women
were arrested and a number of them executed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Women’s movements for voting rights and equal wages
continued through the next two hundred years in many countries of the world. The
fight for the vote was carried out through an international suffrage movement
during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="color: red; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>ALSO READ:</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><u><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2015/06/189-questions-of-french-revolution-history-class-9-CBSE.html" target="_blank">189 Questions of the French Revolution<o:p></o:p></a></u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The example of the political activities of French women during
the revolutionary years was kept alive as an inspiring memory.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It was finally in 1946 that women in France won the right to
vote.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br /></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com10India20.593684 78.962880000000041-8.6041045000000018 37.654286000000042 49.7914725 120.27147400000004tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-8631336387865148932019-07-25T16:00:00.000+05:302019-07-25T16:00:09.847+05:30Atomic Mass of Elements | Atomic Mass and Valency of First 30 Elements<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><u><span style="line-height: 107%;">Atomic Mass of Elements:</span></u></b> You can find the <i>atomic
mass of elements list</i> below. If you want to remember <i>atomic mass of the
elements</i>, here’s a <i>list of elements by atomic mass</i>. The <i>atomic
mass of first 30 elements for class 9</i> will help you a lot in your exams.
Are you ready to learn <i>atomic mass of elements in periodic table</i>? If
your answer is yes, start learning <i>atomic mass of elements from 1 to 30</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Atomic Mass of Elements
from 1 to 30</span></span></b></h3>
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<b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></b></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdVFBUgRJHlPtvFdBLziEERPP-IxteAEfukB31VsPIy-yfXgybNoTkYQACSuh4N-r5czdvlZNeyL-RCUvESaQO6rWSKus88eyT71DJlvHNdlVy5ebZOyr7sTm256m2KQDFHNeC9Iz89CI/s1600/Atomic+Mass+of+Elements%252C+Atomic+Mass+and+Valency+of+First+30+Elements%252C+atomic+mass+of+elements+list%252C+atomic+mass+of+the+elements.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Atomic Mass of Elements | Atomic Mass and Valency of First 30 Elements" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdVFBUgRJHlPtvFdBLziEERPP-IxteAEfukB31VsPIy-yfXgybNoTkYQACSuh4N-r5czdvlZNeyL-RCUvESaQO6rWSKus88eyT71DJlvHNdlVy5ebZOyr7sTm256m2KQDFHNeC9Iz89CI/s1600/Atomic+Mass+of+Elements%252C+Atomic+Mass+and+Valency+of+First+30+Elements%252C+atomic+mass+of+elements+list%252C+atomic+mass+of+the+elements.jpg" title="Atomic Mass of Elements | Atomic Mass and Valency of First 30 Elements" /></a></div>
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<b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Atomic Mass
of Elements for Class 9</span></span></b></h4>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Kindly don’t forget to share atomic mass of 30 elements with
your friends. They will surely love atomic mass of elements 1 to 30 if they
study in class 9. You can download and save atomic mass of elements PDF <b><a href="https://drive.google.com/uc?export=download&id=1vbM7LBuNVvZdd6GGYmCWqLfcUPOyJCNd" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">here</a></b>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></span></div>
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<span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This post has been published to help students learn and
remember atomic mass of elements class 9. If you want to learn and remember
atomic mass of different elements, go <b><a href="https://www.angelo.edu/faculty/kboudrea/periodic/structure_mass.htm" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">here</a></b>.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<b><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span></span></b></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-61511027776486658982019-07-25T08:44:00.000+05:302020-05-02T00:03:15.700+05:30Why power sharing is desirable? <div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Power-sharing is a political arrangement in which different or opposing groups take part in the government together.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In modern democracies, power sharing can be seen taking the following forms:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Organs of Government:</b> In democracy, power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. This is known as distribution of power, it allows different organs of government placed at the same level to exercise different powers. No organ can exercise unlimited power as each organ checks the others.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Governments at different levels:</b> In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self-government. This is called vertical division of government.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Social Groups:</b> Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In India there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.</span></li>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmLIFYaQ8rei-Tz5RKz1gmLbQAltx2gUhTmDOvnEe8xQk494i3G0FoOpVWhyiEoD3vag4GGInxW-k5mo74RFUVIatGr2uPt8G5MD0G-NgzDMIGtLajyQEK5zy6kwiHnKeKQhO-IwI8jUg/s1600/Why+power+sharing+is+desirable.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Why power sharing is desirable" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmLIFYaQ8rei-Tz5RKz1gmLbQAltx2gUhTmDOvnEe8xQk494i3G0FoOpVWhyiEoD3vag4GGInxW-k5mo74RFUVIatGr2uPt8G5MD0G-NgzDMIGtLajyQEK5zy6kwiHnKeKQhO-IwI8jUg/s640/Why+power+sharing+is+desirable.jpg" title="Why power sharing is desirable" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Why power sharing is desirable?</td></tr>
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<b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Question: <span style="font-size: large;">Why Power sharing desirable?</span></b><br />
<b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="color: red;">Answer:</span></b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Power sharing is desirable because of the following reasons:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Prudential reasons:</b> It helps reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. It gives space to each and every social group in the democracy.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Moral reasons:</b> Power sharing is the spirit of democracy. A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation acquire a stake in the system.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Question: <span style="font-size: large;">What is power sharing in a democracy? Explain with examples.</span></b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: red;">Answer:</span></b> Power Sharing is a term which is used to describe a system of governance in which all major segments of society are provided a permanent share of power.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Power sharing is desirable because of the following reasons.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Power sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order as social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Imposing the will of the majority community over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it determines the unity of the nation. Tyranny of the majority is not only oppressive for the minority but it also brings ruin to the majority.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The very spirit of democracy is power sharing. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise, and who have to live with its effects. Citizens of a country have a right to be consulted on how they are being governed. A legitimate government is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the system.</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Question: <span style="font-size: large;">What are the different forms of power sharing in modern democracies? Give an example of each of these.</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: red;">Answer</span></b></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: red;">:</span></b> Different forms of power sharing in modern democracies are as follows:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Power sharing in different organs of government:</b> Example: power sharing between legislature and executive</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Power sharing at different levels of government:</b> Example: power sharing between Union government and state government.</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Power sharing among social groups:</b> Example: Reservation in government jobs for OBCs and SCs & STs.</span></li>
<li><span style="line-height: 107%;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Power sharing among various pressure groups:</b> Example: Representative of trade union being consulted while making a new labour law.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>Question:<span style="font-size: large;">Why power sharing is desirable? Explain giving any three prudential and moral reasons.</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: red;">Answer:</span></b> Power sharing is desirable in a democracy because:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Prudential reasons:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Imposing the will of majority, community over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation.</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Moral reasons:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effect.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.</span></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation, acquire a stake in the system.</span></span></li>
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<iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/LuMHglXKk-E" width="560"></iframe></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-37423732404435794692019-07-24T08:51:00.001+05:302019-07-24T08:51:51.484+05:30Education Minister of India 2019 - Name of Education Minister of India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b>Question:</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Who is the education minister of India 2019?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b>Answer:</b></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank'</a> is the education minister of India 2019.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidxEWFO35fqvmFbXT5NaanKczHyD2rq2nQAsQw7qJP6FXbLCBjRHz-fWfKmRP8H5P9WwvWztF9CKTBxHWVeZltRpzEIxTWlEMIqvCfkvgg4MrcSy2YUKsj6JMlaXfJpqIMiyJU9WE5d5Q/s1600/EDUCATION+MINISTER+OF+INDIA%252C+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Who is the education minister of India 2019?" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidxEWFO35fqvmFbXT5NaanKczHyD2rq2nQAsQw7qJP6FXbLCBjRHz-fWfKmRP8H5P9WwvWztF9CKTBxHWVeZltRpzEIxTWlEMIqvCfkvgg4MrcSy2YUKsj6JMlaXfJpqIMiyJU9WE5d5Q/s640/EDUCATION+MINISTER+OF+INDIA%252C+2019.jpg" title="Who is the education minister of India 2019?" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Education Minister of India 2019 - Name of Education Minister of India</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-14447849545455818792019-07-24T08:43:00.000+05:302019-07-24T08:43:12.016+05:30Education Minister of India - HRD Minister of India<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidxEWFO35fqvmFbXT5NaanKczHyD2rq2nQAsQw7qJP6FXbLCBjRHz-fWfKmRP8H5P9WwvWztF9CKTBxHWVeZltRpzEIxTWlEMIqvCfkvgg4MrcSy2YUKsj6JMlaXfJpqIMiyJU9WE5d5Q/s1600/EDUCATION+MINISTER+OF+INDIA%252C+2019.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Who is the education minister of India at present?" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidxEWFO35fqvmFbXT5NaanKczHyD2rq2nQAsQw7qJP6FXbLCBjRHz-fWfKmRP8H5P9WwvWztF9CKTBxHWVeZltRpzEIxTWlEMIqvCfkvgg4MrcSy2YUKsj6JMlaXfJpqIMiyJU9WE5d5Q/s640/EDUCATION+MINISTER+OF+INDIA%252C+2019.jpg" title="Who is the education minister of India at present?" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Education Minister of India</td></tr>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Question:</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;">Who is the education minister of India at present?</span></div>
<span style="font-size: large;">Answer:</span><br />
<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" rel="nofollow" style="font-size: x-large;" target="_blank">Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank'</a><span style="font-size: large;"> is the education minister of India at present.</span><br />
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Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-39591862888698116212019-07-24T08:31:00.000+05:302019-07-24T08:33:43.496+05:30Who is the Education Minister of India?<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Who is the Education Minister of India?</td></tr>
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<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India at present?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India 2019?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India now?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India name?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India current?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India present?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the higher education minister of India?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India in present?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India right now?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the union education minister of India?</i></span></li>
<li><span style="font-size: large;"><i>Who is the education minister of India today?</i></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: large; font-weight: bold;">Answer: </span><span style="font-size: large;">( The answer to all the above questions is same.)</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><b><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramesh_Pokhriyal" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Ramesh Pokhriyal 'Nishank'</a> is the 'education minister of
India'.</b></span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-26449172093545508042019-01-05T14:29:00.000+05:302019-01-05T14:29:05.944+05:30159 Questions of The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Extra Important Questions of The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China, CBSE, Class 10, History, Chapter 2</b></span><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><b>Question - Answers of The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</b></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>1. When did Vietnam get formal independence?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Vietnam got formal independence in 1945.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>2. In which context nationalism develop in Indo-China?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Nationalism developed in Indo-China in a colonial context.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>3. What made the knitting together of a modern Vietnamese nation possible?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The knitting together of a modern Vietnamese nation that brought the different communities together was in part the result of colonisation but, as importantly, it was shaped by the struggle against colonial domination.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Emerging from the Shadow of China during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>4. Name the modern countries of Indo-China region.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Indo-China comprises the modern countries of Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>5. What did the rulers do even when an independent country was established in what is now northern and central Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Even when an independent country was established in what is now northern and Central Vietnam, its rulers continued to maintain the Chinese system of government as well as Chinese culture.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>6. What connected Vietnam to the hinterlands where non-Vietnamese people lived?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Networks of trade connected Vietnam to the hinterlands where non-Vietnamese people such as the Khmer Cambodians lived.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>7. What helped Vietnam bring in goods, people and ideas?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The link to the maritime silk route helped Vietnam bring in goods, people and ideas.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>8. Who founded the port of Faifo?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The port of Faifo was founded by Portuguese merchants. It was one of the ports used by European trading companies much before the nineteenth century.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Colonial Domination and Resistance </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>9. What brought the people of Vietnam into conflict with the colonisers in all areas of life?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The colonisation of Vietnam by the French brought the people of the country into conflict with the colonisers in all areas of life.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>10. What was the most visible form of French control in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The most visible form of French control in Vietnam was military and economic domination but the French also built a system that tried to reshape the culture of the Vietnamese.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>11. Whose efforts helped nationalism emerge in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Nationalism in Vietnam emerged through the efforts of different sections of society to fight against the French and all they represented.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>12. When did French troops land in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: French troops landed in Vietnam in 1858.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>13. When did the French assumed control of Tonkin and Anaam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French assumed control of Tonkin and Anaam after the Franco-Chinese war.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>14. When was French Indo-China formed?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: French Indo-China was formed in 1887.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>15. What did the people in Vietnam begin to reflect on when the French sought to consolidate their position in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The people in Vietnam began reflecting on the nature of the loss that Vietnam was suffering when the French sought to consolidate their position in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Why the French thought Colonies Necessary?</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>16. Why colonies were considered essential?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Colonies were considered essential to supply natural resources and other essential goods.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>17. According to France, what was the mission of the ‘advanced’ European countries?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: According to France, it was the mission of the ‘advanced’ European countries to bring the benefits of civilisation to backward peoples.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>18. What did the French do to increase cultivation in the Mekong delta?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French started building canals and draining lands to increase cultivation in the Mekong delta.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>19. How did Vietnam become the third largest exporter of rice in the world by 1931?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The vast system of irrigation works – canals and earthworks – built by the French mainly with forced labour, increased rice production and allowed the export of rice to the international market. Vietnam exported two-thirds of its rice production and by 1931 had become the third largest exporter of rice in the world.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>20. When was the construction of a trans-Indo-China rail network completed?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The construction of a trans-Indo-China rail network was completed by 1910.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>21. Why were the French business interests pressurising the government in Vietnam by the 1920s?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: By the 1920s, the French business interests were pressurising the government in Vietnam to develop the infrastructure further.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Should Colonies be Developed? </b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>22. What did everyone agree about colonies?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Everyone agreed that colonies had to serve the interests of the mother country.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>23. According to Paul Bernard, how could colonies serve the interests of the French business?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Paul Bernard strongly believed that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed. He argued that the purpose of acquiring colonies was to make profits. If the economy was developed and the standard of living of the people improved, they would buy more goods. The market would consequently expand, leading to better profits for French business.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>24. According to Paul Bernard, what were the barriers to economic growth in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: According to Paul Bernard, high population levels, low agricultural productivity and extensive indebtedness amongst the peasants were the barriers to economic growth in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>25. What did Paul Bernard suggest to reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural productivity in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In Vietnam, Paul Bernard suggested that it was necessary to carry out land reforms as the Japanese had done in the 1890s.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>26. After the land reforms done in the 1890s, what did the experience of Japan show?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: After the land reforms done in the 1890s, the experience of Japan showed that industrialisation would be essential to create more jobs.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>27. What was the colonial economy in Vietnam based on?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The colonial economy in Vietnam was primarily based on rice cultivation and rubber plantations owned by the French and a small Vietnamese elite.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>28. What do you mean by ‘Indentured labour’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Indentured labour was a form of labour widely used in the plantations from the mid-nineteenth century. Labourers worked on the basis of contracts that did not specify any rights of labourers but gave immense power to employers. Employers could bring criminal charges against labourers and punish and jail them for non-fulfilment of contracts.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>29. Which labour was used in the rubber plantations in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Indentured Vietnamese labour was widely used in the rubber plantations in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>30. Why did the standard of living of the Vietnamese decline even after Paul Bernard’s suggestions?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Even after Paul Bernard’s suggestion the standard of living of the Vietnamese declined because the French did little to industrialise the economy. In the rural areas landlordism spread and the standard of living declined.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>The Dilemma of Colonial Education </b></span><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>31. French colonisation was also driven by the idea of a ‘civilising mission’. What does a ‘civilising mission’ mean here?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Like the British in India, the French claimed that they were bringing modern civilisation to the Vietnamese. They took for granted that Europe had developed the most advanced civilisation. So it became the duty of the Europeans to introduce these modern ideas to the colony even if this meant destroying local cultures, religions and traditions, because these were seen as outdated and prevented modern development.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>32. Which dilemma had the French to resolve in order to educate the Vietnamese?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In order to educate the Vietnamese, the French had to resolve a dilemma of ‘How far the Vietnamese to be educated?’</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>33. What problem education might create to colonial domination in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Once educated, the Vietnamese may begin to question colonial domination in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>34. Why did the French citizens living in Vietnam oppose policies that would give the Vietnamese full access to French Education?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French citizens living in Vietnam began fearing that they might lose their jobs – as teachers, shopkeepers, policemen – to the educated Vietnamese. So they opposed policies that would give the Vietnamese full access to French education.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Talking Modern </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>35. Why did the French systematically dismantle the traditional educational system and establish French schools for the Vietnamese in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The elites in Vietnam were powerfully influenced by Chinese culture. To consolidate their power, the French had to counter this Chinese influence. So they systematically dismantled the traditional educational system and established French schools for Vietnamese in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>36. Why some policy-makers in Vietnam emphasised the need to use the French language as the medium of instruction?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Some policy-makers in Vietnam felt that by learning the language the Vietnamese would be introduced to the culture and civilisation of France. This would help create an ‘Asiatic France solidly tied to European France’. The educated people in Vietnam would respect French sentiments and ideals, see the superiority of French culture, and work for the French.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>37. Who were to be rewarded with French citizenship in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Some policy-makers in Vietnam suggested that Vietnamese be taught in lower classes and French in the higher classes. The few who learnt French and acquired French culture were to be rewarded with French citizenship in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>38. Why only a few Vietnamese elite among those admitted ultimately passed the school-leaving examination in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Only the Vietnamese elite – comprising a small fraction of the population – could enrol in the schools, and only a few among those admitted ultimately passed the school-leaving examination. This was largely because of a deliberate policy of failing students, particularly in the final year, so that they could not qualify for the better-paid jobs.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>39. How many Vietnamese passed the school-leaving examination in 1925?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In 1925, in a population of 17 million, there were less than 400 who passed the examination.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>40. What did the school textbooks in Vietnam glorify during the French rule?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The school textbooks in Vietnam glorified the French and justified colonial rule.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>41. How were the Vietnamese represented in school textbooks during the colonial rule in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Vietnamese were represented as primitive and backward, capable of manual labour but not of intellectual reflection; they could work in the fields but not rule themselves; they were ‘skilled copyists’ but not creative.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>42. What were the Vietnamese school children told about French rule during colonial rule in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: During colonial rule in Vietnam, the Vietnamese school children were told that only French rule could ensure peace in Vietnam: ‘Since the establishment of French rule the Vietnamese peasant no longer lives in constant terror of pirates… Calm is complete, and the peasant can work with a good heart.’</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Looking Modern </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>43. When and why was the Tonkin Free School started?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Tonkin Free School was started in 1907 to provide a Western-style education.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>44. What was the Tonkin Free School’s approach to what it means to be ‘modern’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Tonkin Free School’s approach to what it means to be ‘modern’ is a good example of the thinking prevalent at that time. It was not enough to learn science and Western ideas: to be modern the Vietnamese had to also look modern. The school encouraged the adoption of Western styles such as having a short haircut.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>45. What did having a short haircut mean for the Vietnamese?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Having a short haircut meant a major break with their own identity since they traditionally kept long hair.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Resistance in Schools </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>46. What did the Vietnamese teachers do while teaching during the colonial rule?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The teachers and students did not blindly follow the curriculum. Sometimes there was open opposition, at other times there was silent resistance. As the number of Vietnamese teachers increased in the lower classes, it became difficult to control what was actually taught. While teaching, Vietnamese teachers quietly modified the text and criticised what was stated.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>47. What happened in the Saigon Native Girls School in 1926?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In 1926 a major protest erupted in the Saigon Native Girls School. A Vietnamese girl sitting in one of the front seats was asked to move to the back of the class and a local French student to occupy the front bench. She refused. The principal, also a colon (French people in the colonies), expelled her. When angry students protested, they too were expelled, leading to a further spread of open protests.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>48. What did the principal of the Saigon Native School warn the students in 1926?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The principal of the Saigon Native School warned the students in 1926, ‘I will crush all Vietnamese under my feet. Ah! You wish my deportation. Know well that I will leave only after I am assured Vietnamese no longer inhabit Cochinchina.’</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>49. What inspired students fight against the colonial government’s efforts to prevent the Vietnamese from qualifying for white-collar jobs?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Students who fought against the colonial government’s efforts to prevent the Vietnamese from qualifying for white-collar jobs were inspired by patriotic feelings and the conviction that it was the duty of the educated to fight for the benefit of society.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>50. Name any political party formed by students of Vietnam by the 1920s.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Party of Young Annan</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>51. Name any nationalist journal published by students of Vietnam by the 1920s.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Annanese Student</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>52. How did the French seek to strengthen their rule in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French sought to strengthen their rule in Vietnam through the control of education.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>53. What did the French try to do to make the Vietnamese believe in the superiority of French civilisation?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French tried to change the values, norms and perceptions of the people, to make them believe in the superiority of French civilisation and the inferiority of the Vietnamese.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>54. What did the Vietnamese intellectuals fear during the colonial rule in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: During the colonial rule in Vietnam, the Vietnamese intellectuals feared that Vietnam was losing not just control over its territory but its very identity: its own culture and customs were being devalued and the people were developing a master-slave mentality.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Hygiene, Disease and Everyday Resistance </b></span><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-large;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</b></span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>55. Is it right to say that education was the only sphere of everyday life in Vietnam in which political battles against colonialism were fought? Why?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: No. Education was not the only sphere of everyday life in Vietnam in which political battles against colonisation were fought. In many other institutions we can see the variety of small ways in which the colonised expressed their anger against the colonisers.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Plague Strikes Hanoi </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>56. How did the French decide to rebuild Hanoi?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: When the French set about creating a modern Vietnam, they decided to rebuild Hanoi. The latest ideas about architecture and modern engineering skills were employed to build a new and ‘modern’ city.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>57. Which part of Hanoi was struck by bubonic plague in 1903?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The modern part of Hanoi was struck by bubonic plague in 1903.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>58. What created serious social conflicts in many colonial countries?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In many colonial countries, measures to control the spread of disease created serious social conflicts.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>59. How did what was installed to create a hygienic environment in the French city become the cause of the plague in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French part of Hanoi was built as a beautiful and clean city with wide avenues and a well-laid-out sewer system, while the ‘native quarter’ was not provided with any modern facilities. The refuse from the old city drained straight out into the river or, during heavy rains or floods, overflowed into the streets. Thus what was installed to create a hygienic environment in the French city became the cause of the plague in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>60. What were an ideal and protected breeding ground for rats in Hanoi when plague struck Hanoi in 1903?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: When plague struck Hanoi in 1903, the large sewers in the modern part of the city, a symbol of modernity, were an ideal and protected breeding ground for rats.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>61. What allowed the rats to move around the city without any problem when plague struck Hanoi in 1903?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: When plague struck Hanoi in 1903, the sewers served as a great transport system, allowing the rats to move around the city without any problem.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Rat Hunt </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>62. When was the rat hunt started in Hanoi?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The rat hunt was started in Hanoi in 1902.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>63. Whom did the French hire to catch rats in Hanoi?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French hired Vietnamese workers and paid them for each rat they caught.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>64. What did the rat hunt seem to provide for the Vietnamese?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: For the Vietnamese the rat hunt seemed to provide an early lesson in the success of collective bargaining with the French.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>65. What did the Vietnamese who did the dirty work of entering sewers to catch rats find?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Vietnamese who did the dirty work of entering sewers to catch rats found that if they came together they could negotiate a higher bounty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>66. What were the innovative ways the Vietnamese discovered to profit from catching rats in Hanoi?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Vietnamese saw that the bounty was paid when a tail was given as proof that a rat had been killed. So the rat-catchers took to just clipping the tails and releasing the rats, so that the process could be repeated, over and over again. Some people, in fact, began raising rats to earn a bounty.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>67. What forced the French to scrap the bounty programme of killing rats in Hanoi?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Defeated by the resistance of the weak, the French were forced to scrap the bounty programme of killing rats in Hanoi.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>68. What marks the limits of French power and the contradictions in their ‘civilising mission’ in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The rat menace marks the limits of French power and the contradictions in their ‘civilising mission’ in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>69. What do the actions of the rat-catchers in Vietnam tell us?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The actions of the rat-catchers in Vietnam tell us of the numerous small ways in which colonialism was fought in everyday life.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Religion and Anti-Colonialism </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>70. How did the French occupy Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French occupied Vietnam militarily.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>71. What did the French seek to reshape in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French sought to reshape social and cultural life of the people in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>72. What were Vietnam’s religious beliefs?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Vietnam’s religious beliefs were a mixture of Buddhism, Confucianism and local practices.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>73. What problems did Christianity introduced by French missionaries create in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Christianity, introduced by French missionaries, was intolerant of the easy-going attitude of Vietnamese and viewed the Vietnamese tendency to revere the supernatural as something to be corrected.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>74. What do you know about the Scholars Revolt in 1869?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: An early movement against French control and the spread of Christianity was the Scholars Revolt in 1868.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>75. Who led the Scholars Revolt in 1868?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Scholars Revolt in 1868 was led by officials at the imperial court angered by the spread of Catholicism and French power.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>76. What did officials at the imperial court in Vietnam do during the Scholars Revolt?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Officials at the imperial court in Vietnam led a general uprising in Ngu An and Ha Tien provinces where over a thousand Catholics were killed. Catholic missionaries had been active in winning converts since the early seventeenth century, and by the middle of the eighteenth century had converted some 300,000. The French crushed the movement but this uprising served to inspire other patriots to rise up against them.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>77. What were the elites in Vietnam educated in?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The elites in Vietnam were educated in Chinese and Confucianism.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>78. What shaped religious beliefs among the peasantry in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Religious beliefs among the peasantry in Vietnam were shaped by a variety of syncretic traditions that combined Buddhism and local beliefs. There were many popular religions in Vietnam that were spread by people who claimed to have seen a vision of God.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>79. When did the Hoa Hao movement begin?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Hoa Hao movement began in 1939.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>80. Who was the founder of Hoa Hao?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The founder of Hoa Hao was a man called Huynh Phu So.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>81. What do you know about Huynh Phu So?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Huynh Phu So performed miracles and helped the poor. His criticism against useless expenditure had a wide appeal. He also opposed the sale of child brides, gambling and the use of alcohol and opium.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>82. What happened to the Hoa Hao movement inspired by Huynh Phu So?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The French tried to suppress the movement inspired by Huynh Phu So. They declared him mad, called him the Mad Bonze, and put him in a mental asylum.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>83. What happened when Huynh Phu So was put in a mental asylum?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Interestingly, the doctor who had to prove him insane became his follower, and finally in 1941, even the French doctors declared that he was sane. The French authorities exiled him to Laos and sent many of his followers to concentration camps.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>84. What was the relationship between mainstream nationalism and the Hoa Hao movement?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Hoa Hao movement had a contradictory relationship with mainstream nationalism. Political parties often drew upon their support, but were uneasy about their activities. They could neither control or discipline these groups, nor support their rituals and practices.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Vision of Modernisation </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>85. Which differing visions led Vietnamese intellectuals to complex debates?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Some Vietnamese intellectuals felt that Vietnamese traditions had to be strengthened to resist the domination of the West, while others felt that Vietnam had to learn from the West even while opposing foreign domination. These differing visions led Vietnamese intellectuals to complex debates, which could not be easily resolved.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>86. Who led resistance to French domination in Vietnam in the late nineteenth century?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In the late nineteenth century, resistance to French domination in Vietnam was very often led by Confucian scholar-activists, who saw their world crumbling.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>87. Who formed the Revolutionary Society (Duy Tan Hoi) in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Revolutionary Society (Duy Tan Hoi) in Vietnam was formed by Phan Boi Chau.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>88. When was the Revolutionary Society (Duy Tan Hoi) formed?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Revolutionary Society (Duy Tan Hoi) was formed in 1903.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>89. When and where did Phan Boi Chau meet the Chinese reformer Liang Qichao?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Phan Boi Chau met the Chinese reformer Liang Qichao in Yokohama in 1905.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>90. Name the most influential book written by Phan Boi Chau.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Phan’s most influential book was ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>91. Under whose strong influence and advice Phan Boi Chau wrote ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Phan Boi Chau wrote ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’ under the strong influence and advice of Liang Qichao.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>92. What does the book ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’ focus on?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The book ‘The History of the Loss of Vietnam’ focuses on two connected themes: the loss of sovereignty and the severing of ties with China – ties that bound the elites of the two countries within a shared culture.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>93. Name any nationalist who strongly differed with Phan Boi Hau.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Phan Chu Trinh</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>94. What did Phan Chu Trinh desire to establish in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Phan Chu Trinh was intensely hostile to the monarchy and opposed to the idea of resisting the French with the help of the court. His desire was to establish a democratic republic in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>95. What did Phan Chu Trinh feel about the democratic ideals of the West?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Profoundly influenced by the democratic ideals of the West, Phan Chu Trinh did not want a wholesale rejection of Western civilisation. He accepted the French revolutionary ideal of liberty but charged the French for not abiding by the ideal. He demanded that the French set up legal and educational institutions, and develop agriculture and industries.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Other Ways of Becoming Modern : Japan and China</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>96. Why did early Vietnamese nationalists have a close relationship with Japan and China?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Early Vietnamese nationalists had a close relationship with Japan and China for a variety of reasons. They provided models for those looking to change, a refuge for those who were escaping French police, and a location where a wider Asian network of revolutionaries could be established.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>97. When did a ‘go east movement’ become popular and what happened during it?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: A ‘go east movement’ became popular in the first decade of the twentieth century. In 1907-08 some 300 Vietnamese students went to Japan to acquire modern education.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>98. What was the primary objective of Vietnamese students who went to acquire modern education in Japan?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The primary objective of Vietnamese students who went to acquire modern education in Japan was to drive out the French from Vietnam, overthrow the puppet emperor and re-establish the Nguyen dynasty that had been deposed by the French.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>99. What did the Vietnamese students (nationalists) do in Japan during the French rule in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Vietnamese nationalists looked for foreign arms and help. They appealed to the Japanese as fellow Asians. Vietnamese students established a branch of the Restoration Society in Tokyo but after 1908, the Japanese Ministry of Interior clamped down on them. Many, including Phan Boi Chau, were deported and forced to seek exile in China and Thailand.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>100. When and how was a Republic set up in China?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In 1911, the long established monarchy in China was overthrown by a popular movement under Sun Yat-sen, and a Republic was set up.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>101. Who organised the Association for the Restoration of Vietnam (Viet-Nam Quan Phuc Hoi)?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Vietnamese students organised the Association for the Restoration of Vietnam (Viet-Nam Quan Phuc Hoi).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>102. How did the nature of the anti-French independence movement in Vietnam change?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In 1911, the long established monarchy in China was overthrown by a popular movement under Sun Yat-sen, and a Republic was set up. Developments in China inspired Vietnamese nationalists. Inspired by these developments, Vietnamese students organised the Association for the Restoration of Vietnam (Viet-Nam Quan Phuc Hoi). Now the nature of the anti-French independence movement changed. The objective was no longer to set up a constitutional monarchy but a democratic republic.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Communist Movement and Vietnam </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></h4>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>103. What was the impact of the Great Depression of the 1930s on Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Great Depression of the 1930s had a profound impact on Vietnam. The prices of rubber and rice fell, leading to rising rural debts, unemployment and rural uprisings, such as in the provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>104. Which provinces of Vietnam have been called the ‘electrical fuses’ of Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The provinces of Nghe An and Ha Tinh of Vietnam were among the poorest, had an old radical tradition, and have been called the ‘electrical fuses’ of Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>105. Who established the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong San Dang) Party?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Ho Chi Minh established the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong San Dang) Party.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>106. When was the Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong San Dang) Party established?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong San Dang) Party was established in February 1930.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>107. Which party was renamed the Indo-Chinese Communist Party?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Vietnamese Communist (Vietnam Cong San Dang) Party was renamed the Indo-Chinese Communist Party.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>108. What was the inspiration of Ho Chi Minh?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Ho Chi Minh was inspired by the militant demonstrations of the European communist parties.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>109. When did Japan occupy Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Japan occupied Vietnam in 1940.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>110. Why did Japan occupy Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Japan occupied Vietnam as part of its imperial drive to control Southeast Asia.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>111. What came to be known as the Vietminh?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The League for the Independence of Vietnam (Vietnam Doc Lap Dong Minh) came to be known as the Vietminh.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>112. When was Hanoi recaptured from the Japanese occupation?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Hanoi was recaptured from the Japanese occupation in 1945.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>113. Who fought the Japanese occupation to recapture Hanoi?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The League for the Independence of Vietnam (Vietnam Doc Lap Dong Minh), which came to be known as the Vietminh, fought the Japanese occupation to recapture Hanoi.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>114. Who became Chairman of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Ho Chi Minh became Chairman of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The New Republic of Vietnam </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>115. Which challenges did the new Republic of Vietnam face?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The new republic faced a number of challenges. The French tried to regain control by using the emperor, Bao Dai, as their puppet. Faced with the French offensive, the Vietminh were forced to retreat to the hills.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>116. When did the Vietminh defeat the French?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: After eight years of fighting, the Vietminh defeated the French in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>117. How many soldiers of the French Expeditionary Corps were captured by the Vietminh?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: On 7 May 1954, the Vietminh annihilated and captured more than 16,000 soldiers of the French Expeditionary Corps.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>118. Which French officers were taken prisoner by the Vietminh?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The entire commanding staff, including a general, 16 colonels and 1,749 officers, were taken prisoner by the Vietminh.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>119. What were the Vietnamese persuaded to accept in the peace negotiations in Geneva?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In the peace negotiations in Geneva that followed the French defeat, the Vietnamese were persuaded to accept the division of the country. North and south were split: Ho Chi Minh and the communists took power in the north while Bao Dai’s regime was put in power in the south.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>120. What happened to those who opposed Ngo Dinh Diem?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Those who opposed Ngo Dinh Diem was called a communist and was jailed and killed.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>121. Under which banner a broad opposition was united to oppose the dictatorial rule of Ngo Dinh Diem?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: A broad opposition was united to oppose the dictatorial rule of Ngo Dinh Diem under the banner of the National Liberation Front (NLF).</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>122. Who fought for the unification of Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: With the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, the NLF fought for the unification of Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>123. Who watched the alliance of the Ho Chi Minh government and the NLF with fear?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The US watched the alliance of the Ho Chi Minh government and the NLF with fear.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Entry of the US into the War </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>124. How did the entry of the US affect the war in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: US entry into the war marked a new phase that proved costly to the Vietnamese as well as to the Americans. This phase of struggle with the US was brutal. Thousands of US troops arrived equipped with heavy weapons and tanks and backed by the most powerful bombers of the time – B52s. The wide spread attacks and use of chemical weapons – Napalm, Agent Orange, and phosphorous bombs – destroyed many villages and decimated jungles. Civilians died in large numbers.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>125. Why were the people within the US critical of the US government for getting involved in the war in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: From 1965 to 1972, over 3,403,100 US services personnel served in Vietnam (7,484 were women). Even though the US had advanced technology and good medical supplies, casualties were high. About 47,244 died in battle and 303,704 were wounded. (Of these wounded, 23,014 were listed by the Veterans Administration to be 100 percent disabled.) The effect of the war was felt within the US as well. That is why, the people within the US were critical of the US government for getting involved in the war in Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>126. What role did the US media and films play during the war in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The US media and films played a major role in both supporting as well as critising the war in Vietnam. Hollywood made films in support of the war, such as John Wayne’s Green Berets (1968). This has been cited by many as an example of an unthinking propaganda film that was responsible for motivating many young men to die in the war. Other films were more critical as they tried to understand the reasons for this war. Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now (1979) reflected the moral confusion that the war had caused in the US.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>127. Which fear led the US policy-planners fight the war with Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The war with Vietnam grew out of a fear among US policy-planners that the victory of the Ho Chi Minh government would start a domino effect – communist governments would be established in other countries in the area.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>128. What did the US policy-planners underestimate during the war in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: During the war in Vietnam, the US policy-planners underestimated the power of nationalism to move people to action, inspire them to sacrifice their home and family, live under horrific conditions, and fight for independence. They underestimated the power of a small country to fight the most technologically advanced country in the world.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Ho Chi Minh Trail </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>129. How to understand the nature of the war that the Vietnamese fought against the US?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The story of the Ho Chi Minh trail is one way of understanding the nature of the war that the Vietnamese fought against the US.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>130. What does the Ho Chi Minh trail symbolise?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Ho Chi Minh trail symbolises how the Vietnamese used their limited resources to great advantage. The trail, an immense network of footpaths and roads, was used to transport men and materials from the north to the south.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>131. When was the Ho Chi Minh trail improved?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Ho Chi Minh trail was improved from the late 1950s, and from 1967 about 20,000 North Vietnamese troops came south each month on this trail.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>132. What facilities were available along the way of the Ho Chi Minh Trail?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Ho Chi Minh trail had support bases and hospitals along the way. In some parts supplies were transported in trucks, but mostly they were carried by porters, who were mainly women. These porters carried about 25 kilos on their backs, or about 70 kilos on their bicycles.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>133. What was the extent of the Ho Chi Minh trail?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Most of the Ho Chi Minh trail was outside Vietnam in neighbouring Laos and Cambodia with branch lines extending into South Vietnam.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>134. Why could the US not destroy the important supply line of the Ho Chi Minh trail?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The US could not destroy the important supply line of the Ho Chi Minh trail by intensive bombing because they were rebuilt very quickly.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The Nation and Its Heroes : Women as Rebels </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>135. What was the traditional status of women in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Women in Vietnam traditionally enjoyed greater equality than in China, particularly among the lower classes, but they had only limited freedom to determine their future and played no role in public life.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>136. Whom did the writers and political thinkers begin to idealise when the nationalist movement grew in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: As the nationalist movement grew, the status of women came to be questioned and a new image of womanhood emerged. Writers and political thinkers began idealising women who rebelled against social norms.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>137. Why did a famous novel by Nhat Linh cause a scandal?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In 1930s, a famous novel by Nhat Linh caused a scandal because it showed a woman leaving a forced marriage and marrying someone of her choice, someone who was involved in nationalist politics.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>138. What marked the arrival of the new woman in Vietnamese society?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The rebellion against social conventions marked the arrival of the new woman in Vietnamese society.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Heroes of Past Times</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>139. What was the basis of the play written by the nationalist Phan Boi Chau in 1913?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In 1913, the nationalist Phan Boi Chau wrote a play based on the lives of the Trung sisters who had fought against Chinese domination in 39-43CE. In this play he depicted these sisters as patriots fighting to save the Vietnamese nation from the Chinese.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>140. When did the Trung sisters come to be idealised and glorified?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Trung sisters came to be idealised and glorified after Phan’s play in which he depicted the Trung sisters as patriots.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>141. In which way were the Trung sisters depicted?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The Trung sisters were depicted in paintings, plays and novels as representing the indomitable will and the intense patriotism of the Vietnamese.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>142. How did the Trung sisters resist the Chinese?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: We are told that The Trung sisters gathered a force of over 30,000, resisted the Chinese for two years, and when ultimately defeated, they committed suicide, instead of surrendering to the enemy.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>143. What do you know about Trieu Au?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Trieu Au was one of the most venerated women rebels of the past who lived in the third century CE. Orphaned in childhood, she lived with her brother. On growing up she left home, went into the jungles, organised a large army and resisted Chinese rule.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>144. What did Trieu Au do when her army was crushed?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: When her army was crushed, she drowned herself.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Women as Warriors </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>145. What did the photographs in magazines and journals in the 1960s show women as?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: In the 1960s, photographs in magazines and journals showed women as brave fighters. There were pictures of women militia shooting down planes. They were portrayed as young, brave and dedicated.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>146. What did the stories about the women warriors in Vietnam tell?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Stories were written to show how happy they felt when they joined the army and could carry a rifle. Some stories spoke of their incredible bravery in single-handedly killing the enemy – Nguyen Thi Xuan, for instance, was reputed to have shot down a jet with just twenty bullets.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>147. How were the Vietnamese women represented as workers?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Vietnamese women were shown with a rifle in one hand and a hammer in the other. Whether young or old, women began to be depicted as selflessly working and fighting to save the country.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>148. When were the Vietnamese women urged to join the struggle in large numbers?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: As casualties in the war increased in the 1960s, women were urged to join the struggle in large numbers.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>149. What role did Vietnamese women play during the resistance movement?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Many Vietnamese women responded and joined the resistance movement. They helped in nursing the wounded, constructing underground rooms and tunnels and fighting the enemy.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>150. What did the young volunteers do along the Ho Chi Minh trail?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Along the Ho Chi Minh trail young volunteers kept open 2,195 km of strategic roads and guarded 2,500 key points. They built six airstrips, neutralised tens of thousands of bombs, transported tens of thousands of kilograms of cargo, weapons and food and shot down fifteen planes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>151. What was the percentage of women among youths who worked along the Ho Chi Minh trail between 1965 and 1975?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Between 1965 and 1975, of the 17,000 youth worked along the Ho Chi Minh trail, 70 to 80 per cent were women.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>152. What according to on military historian was the number of women participating in the resistance movement in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: On military historian argues that there were 1.5 million women in the regular army, the militia, the local forces and professional teams.</span><br />
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<b><span style="color: #cc0000; font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Women in Times of Peace </span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">during The Nationalist Movement in Indo-China</span></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>153. When did Vietnamese women begin to predominate as workers?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: By the 1970s, as peace talks began to get under way and the end of the war seemed near, Vietnamese women were no longer represented as warriors. Now the image of women as workers begins to predominate. They are shown working in agricultural cooperatives, factories and production units, rather than as fighters.</span><br />
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<span style="color: red; font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>The End of the War</b></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>154. What were the objectives of the war in Vietnam that the US failed to achieve?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The objectives of the war in Vietnam that the US failed to achieve were as follows:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(a) the Vietnamese resistance had not been crushed;</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(b) the support of the Vietnamese people for US action had not been won.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>155. Name the first television war.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The war in Vietnam which ended with a peace settlement signed in Paris in January 1974 is called the first television war. Battle scenes were shown on the daily news programmes.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>156. What did the scholar Noam Chomsky call the US war in Vietnam?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The scholar Noam Chomsky called the US war in Vietnam ‘the greatest threat to peace, to national self-determination, and to international cooperation’.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>157. When was the peace settlement to end the war in Vietnam signed?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The peace settlement to end the war in Vietnam was signed in Paris in January 1974.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>158. When was Vietnam unified?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: Vietnam was unified on 30 April 1975 when the NLF occupied the presidential palace in Saigon.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>159. When did the NLF occupy the presidential palace in Saigon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Answer: The NLF occupied the presidential palace in Saigon on 30 April 1975.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>If you liked these question-answers, <a href="https://www.instamojo.com/NandanVerma/class-10-social-science-tips-and-tricks-to-s/" target="_blank">buy this</a>.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>Don't forget to read: <a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2018/12/rise-of-nationalism-in-europe-184-questions.html" target="_blank">184 Questions of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe</a>.</b></span></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-73555571646633321672018-12-26T16:39:00.001+05:302020-04-28T22:27:07.905+05:30184 Questions of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - Class - 10 History - Chapter 1</b></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Extra Questions on The Rise of Nationalism in Europe</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In Class 9 you read: <a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2015/06/189-questions-of-french-revolution-history-class-9-CBSE.html" target="_blank">189 Questions of The French Revolution</a></span><br />
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<b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1. What do you mean by ‘Absolutist’?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">2. What is the meaning of the word ‘Utopian’?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">3. Name the French artist who visualised his dream of a world made up of ‘democratic and social Republics in a series of four prints.</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Frederic Sorrieu</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">4. What does the first print of the series prepared by Frederic Sorrieu show?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The first print of the series shows the peoples of Europe and America – men and women of all ages and social classes – marching in a long train, and offering homage to the statue of Liberty as they pass by it.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">5. How did the artists of the time of the French Revolution personify Liberty?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The artists of the time of the French Revolution personified Liberty as a female figure.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">6. What does the female figure of Liberty bear in hands?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The female figure of Liberty bears the torch of Enlightenment in one hand and the Charter of the Rights of Man in the other.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">7. Name the two countries which were already nation-states when Sorrieu released his first print of the series.</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The United States and Switzerland were already nation-states.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">8. Why did Sorrieu show the peoples of Germany, bearing the black, red and gold flag while at the time when Sorrieu created his prints, the German peoples did not yet exist as a united nation?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Sorrieu showed the peoples of Germany bearing the, black, red and gold flag to represent that the flag they carry is an expression of liberal hopes in 1848 to unify the numerous German-speaking principalities into a nation-state under a democratic constitution.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">9. Why does Frederic Sorrieu show Christ, saints and angels gazing upon the scene from the heavens above?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Christ, saints and angels gazing upon the scene from the heavens above have been used to symbolise fraternity among the nations of the world.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">10. What happened in Europe when nationalism emerged as a force during the nineteenth century?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought about sweeping changes in the political and mental world of Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">11. What was the end result of the changes in the political and mental world of Europe?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The end result of the changes in the political and mental world of Europe was the emergence of the nation-state in place of the multi-national dynastic empires of Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">12. What was the concept and practices of a modern state developing over a long period of time in Europe?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The concept and practices of a modern state developing over a long period of time in Europe was that a modern state should have a centralised power exercising sovereign control over a clearly defined territory.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">13. What do you mean by a nation state?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A nation-state was one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">14. How was the commonness forged in a nation-state?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The commonness in a nation-state was forged through struggles, through the actions of leaders and the common people.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">15. Why should you read the chapter ‘The Rise of Nationalism in Europe’?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: We should read the chapter ‘The Rise of Nationalism in Europe’ to understand the diverse processes through which nation-states and nationalism came into being in nineteenth-century Europe.</span><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The French Revolution and the Idea of the Nation<br />
(The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Questions and Answers)</span></h3>
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">16. When did the first clear expression of nationalism come?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">17. What led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">18. What did the French Revolution proclaim?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The French Revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">19. What did the French revolutionaries do to create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The French revolutionaries introduced various measures and practices that could create a sense of collective identity amongst the French people.</span><br />
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</span> <b><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">20. What did the ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasise?</span></b><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The ideas of la patrie (the fatherland) and le citoyen (the citizen) emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>21. How did the National assembly come into existence in France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Estates General was elected by the body of active citizens and renamed the National Assembly. Thus, the National Assembly came into existence.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>22. Name a few things done in the name of the nation during the French Revolution.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: New hymns were composed, oaths taken and martyrs commemorated, all in the name of the nation.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>23. Who formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory in France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A centralised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory in France.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>24. Name a few things abolished during the French Revolution.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Internal customs duties and dues</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>25. Why did French become the common language of the nation in France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Regional dialects were discouraged and French, as it was spoken and written in Paris, became the common language of the nation in France.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>26. What according to the revolutionaries was the mission and the destiny of the French nation?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: According to the revolutionaries, it was the mission and the destiny of the French nation to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism, in other words to help other peoples of Europe to become nations.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>27. What happened when the news of the events in France reached the different cities of Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: When the news of the events in France reached the different cities of Europe, students and other members of educated middle classes began setting up Jacobin clubs.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>28. What prepared way for the French armies in the 1790s?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The activities and campaigns of Jacobin clubs prepared way for the French armies which moved into Holland, Belgium, Switzerland and much of Italy in the 1790s.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>29. Who carried the idea of nationalism abroad from France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: With the outbreak of the revolutionary wars, the French armies began to carry the idea of nationalism abroad from France.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>30. What did Napoleon do within the wide swathe of territory that came under his control?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Within the wide swathe of territory that came under his control, Napoleon set about introducing many of the reforms that he had already introduced in France.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>31. What did Napoleon do to make the administrative system more rational and efficient?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Napoleon incorporated revolutionary principles in the administrative field to make the whole system more rational and efficient.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>32. What do you mean by the Napoleonic Code?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code – did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>33. What was the extent of the Napoleonic Code?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Napoleonic Code was exported to the regions under French control.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>34. What did Napoleon do to the Dutch Republic, Switzerland, Italy and Germany?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: In the Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, in Italy and Germany, Napoleon simplified administrative divisions, abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>35. What did Napoleon do to the towns?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Napoleon removed guild restrictions in the towns. Transport and communication systems were improved.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>36. How did the peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen feel in the towns after the reforms and improvements brought by Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The peasants, artisans, workers and new businessmen enjoyed a new-found freedom in the towns after the reforms and improvements brought by Napoleon. Businessmen and small-scale producers of goods, in particular, began to realise that uniform laws, standardised weights and measures, and a common national currency would facilitate the movement and exchange of goods and capital from one region to another.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>37. What was the initial reaction of the local populations to French rule under Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Initially, in many places such as Holland and Switzerland, as well in certain cities like Brussels, Mainz, Milan and Warsaw, the French armies were welcomed as harbingers of liberty.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>38. Why did the initial enthusiasm of the local populations soon turn into hostility towards French rule under Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The initial enthusiasm of the local populations soon turn into hostility towards French rule under Napoleon, as it became clear that the new administrative arrangements did not go hand in hand with political freedom.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>39. According to the local populations, what seemed to outweigh the advantages of the administrative changes made by Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Increased taxation, censorship, forced conscription into the French armies required to conquer the rest of Europe, all seemed to outweigh the advantages of the administrative changes made by Napoleon.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Making of Nationalism in Europe</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Important Questions of Class 10 History)</span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>40. Were there any ‘nation-states’ in Europe till the mid-eighteenth-century? How?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: No. Eastern and Central Europe were under autocratic monarchies within the territories of which lived diverse peoples. They did not see themselves as sharing a collective identity or a common culture. Thus, they were not nation-states.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>41. Why were Germany, Italy and Switzerland not ‘nation-states’ till the mid-eighteenth-century?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Germany, Italy and Switzerland were divided into kingdoms, duchies and cantons whose rulers had their autonomous territories. That is why, Germany, Italy and Switzerland were not ‘nation-states’ till the mid-eighteenth-century.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>42. Describe the Habsburg Empire?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Habsburg Empire that ruled over Austria-Hungary was a patchwork of many different regions and peoples. It included the Alpine regions – the Tyrol, Austria and the Sudetenland – as well as Bohemia. It also included the provinces of Lombardy and Venetia.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>43. What was the only tie binding the diverse groups together of the Habsburg Empire?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The only tie binding the diverse groups of the Habsburg Empire together was a common allegiance to the emperor.</span><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>The Aristocracy and the New Middle Class of Europe</b></span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>(Important Questions of Nationalism in Europe)</b></span></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>44. Describe the dominant class of Europe during the French Revolution.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The dominant class of Europe during the French Revolution was socially and politically a landed aristocracy. The members of this class were united by a common way of life that cut across regional divisions. They owned estates in the countryside and also town-houses. They spoke French for purposes of diplomacy and in high society. Their families were often connected by ties of marriage.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>45. What was the difference between the powerful aristocracy and the majority of the population in Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The powerful aristocracy was numerically a small group. While the majority of the population was made up of the peasantry.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>46. Describe the pattern of landholding in Europe.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: To the west of Europe, the bulk of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners, while in Eastern and Central Europe the pattern of landholding was characterised by vast estates which were cultivated by serfs.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>47. What could make the growth of towns and the emergence of commercial classes possible in Western and parts of Central Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The growth of industrial production and trade could make the growth of towns and the emergence of commercial classes possible in Western and parts of Central Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>48. When did industrialisation begin in England?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Industrialisation began in England in the second half of the eighteenth century.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>49. When did industrialisation begin in France and parts of the German states?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Industrialisation began in France and parts of the German states during the nineteenth century.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>50. Name the new social groups which came into being during industrialisation in Europe.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The new social groups which came into being during industrialisation in Europe were a working-class population, and middle classes made up of industrialists, businessmen, professionals.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>51. Among whom did the ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The ideas of national unity following the abolition of aristocratic privileges gained popularity among the educated, liberal middle classes.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>What did Liberal Nationalism Stand for?</b></span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>(Short Extra Questions for Class 10)</b></span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>52. What was the relation between the Ideas of national unity and the ideology of liberalism in early-nineteenth-century Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The ideas of national unity in early-nineteenth-century Europe were closely allied to the ideology of liberalism.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>53. What did ‘liberalism’ mean for the new middle classes in early-nineteenth-century Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: For the new middle classes in early-nineteenth-century Europe ‘liberalism’ meant freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>54. What do you know about the term ‘liberalism’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The term ‘liberalism’ derives from the Latin root liber, meaning free.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>55. What was the political meaning of the term ‘liberalism’ during the French Revolution?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: During the French Revolution, the term ‘liberalism’ politically emphasised the concept of government by consent. Since the French Revolution, liberalism had stood for the end of autocracy and clerical privileges, a constitution and representative government through parliament. Nineteenth-century liberals also stressed the inviolability of private property.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>56. What did equality before the law not stand for in revolutionary France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: In revolutionary France, equality before the law did not stand for universal suffrage.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>57. What do you mean by ‘Suffrage’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: ‘Suffrage’ means the right to vote.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>58. Who got the right to vote and to get elected in revolutionary France during the first political experiment in liberal democracy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The right to vote and to get elected was granted exclusively to property-owning men in revolutionary France during the first political experiment in liberal democracy.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>59. Who were excluded from political rights in revolutionary France during the first political experiment in liberal democracy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Men without property and all women were excluded from political rights in revolutionary France during the first political experiment in liberal democracy.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>60. When did all adult males enjoy suffrage during the revolution in France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Only for a brief period under the Jacobins did all adult males enjoy suffrage.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>61. Did the Napoleonic Code grant universal suffrage?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: No. Napoleonic Code went back to limited suffrage and reduced women to the status of a minor, subject to the authority of fathers and husbands.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>62. What did women and non-propertied men do to achieve equal political rights?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Throughout the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries women and non-propertied men organised opposition movements demanding equal political rights.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>63. What did liberalism mean for the economic sphere?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: In the economic sphere, liberalism stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>64. What were the demands of the emerging middle classes during the nineteenth century in France?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital were the demands of the emerging middle classes during the nineteenth century in France.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>65. How many customs barriers a merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg would have had to pass through? How much did they have to pay?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A merchant travelling in 1833 from Hamburg to Nuremberg would have had to pass through 11 customs barriers. They had to pay a customs duty of about 5 per cent at each one of them.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>66. What did the new commercial classes in revolutionary France want to overcome the obstacles to economic exchange and growth?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The new commercial classes in revolutionary France argued for the creation of a unified economic territory allowing the unhindered movement of goods, people and capital.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>67. What do you mean by ‘Zollverein’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Zollverein means a customs union which was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>68. When was Zollverein formed?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Zollverein was formed in 1834.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>69. How did Zollverein and the creation of a network of railways help in strengthening the wider nationalist sentiments growing at the time?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Zollverein abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two. The creation of a network of railways further stimulated mobility, harnessing economic interests to nation unification. Thus, a wave of economic nationalism strengthened the wider nationalist sentiments growing at the time.</span><br />
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</span> <br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A New Conservatism after 1815 in France</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Short Extra Questions for Class 10 History)</span></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>70. When was Napoleon defeated?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Napoleon was defeated in 1815.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>71. What happened to the European governments after the defeat of Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: After the defeat of Napoleon the European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>72. What did the conservatives believe after the defeat of Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society – like the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies, property and the family – should be preserved.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>73. What did most of the conservatives who did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days realise after the defeat of Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: After the defeat of Napoleon, most of the conservatives who did not propose a return to the society of pre-revolutionary days realised that modernisation could in fact strengthen traditional institutions like the monarchy. It could make state power more effective and strong.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>74. According to most of the conservatives, what could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: According to most of the conservatives, a modern army, an efficient bureaucracy, a dynamic economy, the abolition of feudalism and serfdom could strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>75. Who defeated Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria collectively defeated Napoleon.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>76. Why and where did the representatives of the European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon meet?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The European powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>77. Who hosted the Vienna Congress?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Vienna Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>78. Why did the delegates at the Vienna Congress draw the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The delegates at the Vienna Congress drew the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with the object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleonic wars.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>79. Which dynasty was restored to power in France by the Treaty of Vienna of 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Bourbon dynasty, which had been deposed during the French Revolution, was restored to power in France by the Treaty of Vienna.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>80. What did the Vienna Congress to do the territories annexed under Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: France lost the territories annexed under Napoleon.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>81. What did the Vienna Congress do to prevent French expansion in future?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion. Thus the kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium, was set up in the north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south. Prussia was given important new territories on its western frontiers, while Austria was given control of northern Italy.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>82. What happened to the German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The German confederation of 39 states that had been set up by Napoleon was left untouched by the Vienna Congress of 1815.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>83. What did the Vienna Congress of 1815 give Russia and Prussia?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>84. What was the main intention of the Vienna Congress of 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The main intention of the Vienna Congress of 1815 was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>85. What do you know about the conservative regimes of Europe set up in 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Conservative regimes set up in 1815 were autocratic. They did not tolerate criticism and dissent, and sought to curb activities that questioned the legitimacy of autocratic governments. Most of them imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers, books, plays and songs and reflected the ideas of liberty and freedom associated with the French Revolution.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>86. Who continued to get inspired from the French Revolution and criticised the new conservative order?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The memory of the French Revolution nonetheless continued to inspire liberals. Liberal-nationalists criticised the new conservative order.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>87. Name one of the major issues taken up by the liberal-nationalists.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: One of the major issues taken up by the liberal-nationalists was freedom of the press.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Revolutionaries of Europe</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Rise of Nationalism In Europe Class 10 Extra Questions)</span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>88. What drove many liberal-nationalists underground during the years following 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground during the years following 1815.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>89. Why were secret societies set up in many European states after 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Secret societies were set up in many European states after 1815 to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>90. What did it mean to be revolutionary in Europe after 1815?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: To be revolutionary in Europe after 1815 meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had been established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>91. What did most of the revolutionaries in Europe after 1815 think of the creation of nation-states?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Most of the revolutionaries in Europe after 1815 saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of the struggle for freedom.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>92. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>93. Why was Giuseppe Mazzini sent into exile at the age of 24 in 1834?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: As a young man of 24, Giuseppe Mazzini was sent into exile in 1831 for attempting a revolution in Liguria.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>94. Name the underground society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Marseilles.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The underground society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Marseilles was named Young Italy.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>95. Name the underground society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Berne.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The underground society founded by Giuseppe Mazzini in Berne was named Young Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>96. Who were the members of the secret societies founded by Giuseppe Mazzini?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The members of the secret societies founded by Giuseppe Mazzini were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>97. What did Giuseppe Mazzini think of nations?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini believed that God had intended nations to be the natural units of mankind.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>98. According to Giuseppe Mazzini, what could be the basis of Italian liberty?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: According to Giuseppe Mazzini, Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>99. What was it about Giuseppe Mazzini that frightened the conservatives?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Following Giuseppe Mazzini’s model, secret societies were set up in Germany, France, Switzerland and Poland. Mazzini’s relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>100. What did Metternich describe Giuseppe Mazzini as?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Metternich described Giuseppe Mazzini as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’.</span><br />
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</span> <br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Age of Revolutions: 1830-1848</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Very Short Extra Questions for Class 10 History Chapter 1)</span></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>101. When did liberalism and nationalism come to be increasingly associated with revolution in many regions of Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: As conservative regimes tried to consolidate their power, liberalism and nationalism came to be increasingly associated with revolution in many regions of Europe such as the Italian and German states, the provinces of the Ottoman Empire, Ireland and Poland.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>102. Who led the revolutions during 1830 and 1848 in Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The revolutions during 1830 and 1848 in Europe were led by the liberal-nationalists belonging to the educated middle-class elite, among whom were professors, school teachers, clerks and members of the commercial middle classes.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>103. When did the first upheaval by liberal revolutionaries take place? What did they do?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The first upheaval by liberal revolutionaries took place in July 1830. The Bourbon kings who had been restored to power during the conservative reaction after 1815, were overthrown by liberal revolutionaries who installed a constitutional monarchy with Louis Philippe at its head.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>104. Who said, ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Metternich</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>105. How did the revolution of July 1830 (July Revolution) impact the United Kingdom of the Netherlands?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The revolution of July 1830 (July Revolution) sparked an uprising in Brussels which led to Belgium breaking away from the United Kingdom of the Netherlands.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>106. Which event mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The event which mobilised nationalist feelings among the educated elite across Europe was the Greek war of independence.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>107. When did Greece become part of the Ottoman Empire?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Greece had been part of the Ottoman Empire since the fifteenth century.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>108. What sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The growth of revolutionary nationalism in Europe sparked off a struggle for independence amongst the Greeks which began in 1821.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>109. Why did many West Europeans support nationalists in Greece?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Many West Europeans supported nationalists in Greece because they had sympathies for ancient Greek culture.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>110. What role did the poets and artists play in the Greek war of independence?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Poets and artists lauded Greece as the cradle of European civilisation and mobilised public opinion to support its struggle against a Muslim empire.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>111. What do you remember about the English poet Lord Byron?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The English poet Lord Byron organised funds and later went to fight in the war, where he died of fever in 1824.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>112. Which ‘Treaty’ recognised Greece as an independent nation in 1832?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Treaty of Constantinople of 1832 recognised Greece as an independent nation.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Romantic Imagination and National Feeling</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Class 10 History Chapter 1 One Word Questions and Answers)</span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>113. Name a few things that helped in the development of nationalism in Europe.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The development of nationalism did not come about only through wars and territorial expansion. Culture played an important role in creating the idea of the nation: art and poetry, stories and music helped express and shape nationalist feelings.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>114. What do you mean by Romanticism?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>115. What do you know about romantic artists and poets?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>116. What was the effort of romantic artists and poets?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The effort of romantic artists and poets was to create a sense of a shared collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>117. What according to other romantics such as the German Philosopher Johann Gottfried Harder was essential to the project of nation-building?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Other romantics such as the German Philosopher Johann Gottfrmnhnied Harder claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation (volksgeist) was popularised. So collecting and recording these forms of folk culture was essential to the project of nation-building.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>118. Why was it necessary to give emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local folklore?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: It was necessary to give emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of local folklore not just to recover an ancient national spirit, but also to carry the modern nationalist message to large audiences who were mostly illiterate.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>119. Which folk dances were turned into nationalist symbols by Karol Kurpinski?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka were turned into nationalist symbols by Karol Kurpinski.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>120. How did Karol Kurpinski celebrate the national struggle of Poland?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle of Poland through his operas and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>121. What did the clergy of Poland use as a weapon of national resistance?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The clergy of Poland began to use language as a weapon of national resistance.</span><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Hunger, Hardship and Popular Revolt</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Questions on The Rise of Nationalism in Europe)</span></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>122. Why were the years of 1830s considered years of great economic hardship in Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The years of 1830s were considered years of great economic hardship in Europe because the first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe. In most countries there were more seekers of jobs than employment.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>123. Why did the peasants struggle in those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The peasants struggled in those regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power because they were under the burden of feudal dues and obligations. The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>124. What brought the population of Paris out on the roads in 1848?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of Paris out on the roads in 1848.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>125. Why was Louis Philippe forced to flee?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Food shortages and widespread unemployment brought the population of Paris out on the roads. Thus, Louis Philippe was forced to flee.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>126. What happened after Louis Philippe fled away?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: After Louis Philippe fled away, a National Assembly proclaimed a Republic, granted suffrage to all adult males above 21, and guaranteed the right to work. National workshops to provide employment were set up.</span><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">1848: The Revolution of the Liberals</span></h3>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">(Questions on the Rise of Nationalism in Europe)</span></h3>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>127. Which classes of the European countries joined the revolution in the year 1848?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Parallel to the revolts of the poor, unemployed and starving peasants and workers in many European countries in the year 1848, a revolution led by the educated middle classes was under way.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>128. How did the events of February 1848 in France help start a revolution in many European countries?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The events of February 1848 in France had brought about the abdication of the monarch and a republic based on universal male suffrage had been proclaimed. In other parts of Europe where independent nation-states did not yet exist – such as Germany, Italy, Poland, the Austro-Hungarian Empire – men and women of the liberal middle classes combined their demands for constitutionalism with national unification.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>129. Who decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly in 1848?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: In the German regions a large number of political associations whose members were middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artisans came together in the city of Frankfurt and decided to vote for an all-German National Assembly.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>130. Who drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: 831 elected representatives of an all-German National Assembly drafted a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>131. When and where was a constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament drafted?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A constitution for a German nation to be headed by a monarchy subject to a parliament was drafted in the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul. It was drafted in 1848.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>132. What did Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, do when he was offered the crown?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: When Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia, was offered the crown with the terms, he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>133. Why was an all-German National Assembly forced to disband?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: While the opposition of the aristocracy and military became stronger, the social basis of parliament eroded. The parliament was dominated by the middle classes who resisted the demands of workers and artisans and consequently lost their support. In the end troops were called in and the assembly was forced to disband.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>134. Were political rights extended to women in the liberal movement?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: No, the issue of extending political rights to women was a controversial one within the liberal movement.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>135. Did women take part in the liberal movement?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Yes. Women had participated in the liberal movement actively over the years.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>136. How did women take part in the liberal movement?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Women had formed their own political associations, founded newspapers and taken part in political meetings and demonstrations.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>137. What was the status of women during the election of the Assembly that convened in the Church of St Paul?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Women were denied suffrage rights during the election of the Assembly. When the Frankfurt parliament convened in the Church of St Paul, women were admitted only as observers to stand in the visitor’s gallery.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>138. How were serfdom and bonded labour abolished in the Habsburg dominions and in Russia?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Monarchs were beginning to realise that the cycles of revolution and repression could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries. Hence, in the years after 1848, the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the changes that had already taken place in Western Europe before 1815. Thus serfdom and bonded labour were abolished both in the Habsburg dominions and in Russia.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Making of Germany and Italy (History Class 10 Chapter 1)</span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>139. What changed about nationalism after 1848 in Europe?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: After 1848, nationalism in Europe moved away from its association with democracy and revolution. Nationalist sentiments were often mobilised by conservatives for promoting state power and achieving political domination over Europe.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>140. What did the middle-class Germans do for the unification of Germany?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The middle-class Germans, in 1848, tried to unite the different regions of the German confederation into a nation-state governed by an elected parliament.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>141. What happened to the liberal initiative to nation-building in Germany?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The liberal initiative to nation-building in Germany was repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>142. How was Germany unified?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: After the failure of the liberal initiative, Prussia took on the leadership of the movement for national unification. Its chief minister, Otto von Bismarck, was the architect of this process. He carried out with the help of the Prussian army and bureaucracy. Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of the unification of Germany.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>143. When was Kaiser William I proclaimed German Emperor?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: William I was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles in January 1871.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>144. Which process demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power in Germany?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The nation-building process in Germany had demonstrated the dominance of Prussian state power. The new state placed a strong emphasis on modernising the currency, banking, legal and judicial systems in Germany. Prussian measures and practices often became a model for the rest of Germany.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Italy Unified (Important Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1)</span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>145. What had Giuseppe Mazzini sought to do during the 1830s?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: During the 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had sought to put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>146. Who formed the secret society called Young Italy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Giuseppe Mazzini formed the secret society called Young Italy for the dissemination of his goals.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>147. After the failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848, who took the responsibility of unifying Italy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: After the failure of revolutionary uprisings both in 1831 and 1848, the ruler of Sardinia-Piedmont King Victor Emmanuel II took the responsibility of unifying Italian states through war.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>148. What did the ruling elites of the Italian states think about a unified Italy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: In the eyes of the ruling elites of this region, a unified Italy offered them the possibility of economic development and political dominance.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>149. How did Sardinia-Piedmont succeed in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Through a tactful diplomatic alliance with France engineered by Cavour, Sardinia-Piedmont succeeded in defeating the Austrian forces in 1859.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>150. When Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of Italy in 1861.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>151. How did Giuseppe Garibaldi succeed in driving out the Spanish rulers from Italy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Giuseppe Garibaldi led a large number of armed volunteers in the fray. In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to drive out the Spanish rulers.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>152. Who remained unaware of liberal-nationalist ideology in Italy?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Much of the Italian population, among whom rates of illiteracy were very high, remained blissfully unaware of liberal-nationalist ideology.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>153. Who believed that ‘La Talia’ was Victor Emmanuel’s wife?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The peasant masses who had supported Garibaldi in southern Italy had never heard of Italia, and believed that ‘La Talia’ was Victor Emmanuel’s wife.</span><br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Strange Case of Britain (The Rise of Nationalism in Europe)</span></h3>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>154. What according to some scholars is the model of the nation or the nation-state?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: According to some scholars the model of the nation or the nation-state is the Great Britain.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>155. What resulted into the formation of the nation-state in Britain?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In Britain the formation of the nation-state was not the result of a sudden upheaval or revolution. It wat the result of a log-drawn-out process.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>156. What were the primary identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles prior to the eighteenth century?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The primary identities of the people who inhabited the British Isles prior to the eighteenth century were ethnic ones – such as English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. All of these ethnic groups had their own cultural and political traditions.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>157. What was the instrument through which a nation-state, with England at its centre, came to be forged?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The English parliament, which had seized power from the monarchy in 1688 at the end of a protracted conflict, was the instrument through which a nation-state, with England at its centre, came to be forged.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>158. What did the Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland mean in effect?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Act of Union (1707) between England and Scotland that resulted in the formation of the ‘United Kingdom of Great Britain’ meant, in effect, that England was able to impose its influence on Scotland. The British parliament was henceforth dominated by its English members.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>159. What did the growth of a British identity mean?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The growth of a British identity meant that Scotland’s distinctive culture and political institutions were systematically suppressed.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>160. Who were forcibly driven out of their homeland during the growth of a British identity?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Scottish Highlanders were forbidden to speak their Gaelic language or wear their national dress, and large numbers were forcibly driven out of their homeland during the growth of a British identity.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>161. How was Ireland incorporated into the United Kingdom?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Ireland was a country deeply divided between Catholics and Protestants. The English helped the Protestants of Ireland to establish their dominance over a largely Catholic country. Catholic revolts against British dominance were suppressed. After a failed revolt led by Wolfe Tone and his United Irishmen (1798), Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>162. When was Ireland incorporated into the United Kingdom?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom in 1801.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>163. How was a new ‘British nation’ forged?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A new ‘British nation’ was forged through the propagation of a dominant English culture.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Visualising the Nation (Questions of the Rise of Nationalism in Europe)</span></h4>
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>164. How were nations portrayed by the artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Artists in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries found a way out by personifying a nation. Nations were then portrayed as female figures.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>165. What became an allegory of the nation?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The female form that was chosen to personify the nation did not stand for any particular woman in real life; rather it sought to give the abstract idea of the nation a concrete form. That is, the female figure became an allegory of the nation.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>166. What did artists use to portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic during the French Revolution?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: During the French Revolution artists used the female allegory to portray ideas such as Liberty, Justice and the Republic.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>167. Name the female allegory used in France to represent the nation.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The female allegory used in France to represent the nation is named Marianne. Marianne is a popular Christian name which underlines the idea of a people’s nation.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>168. What were the characteristics of the female allegory ‘Marianne’?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Characteristics of the female allegory ‘Marianne’ were drawn from those of Liberty and the Republic – the red cap, the tricolour, the cockade.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>169. Why were the statues of Marianne erected in public squares?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The statues of Marianne were erected in public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them to identify with it.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>170. Name the female allegory of the German nation.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The female allegory of the German nation was named Germania.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>171. Which crown does Germania wear?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.</span><br />
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<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Nationalism and Imperialism : The Rise of Nationalism in Europe</span></h4>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>172. What was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>173. Describe the region of the Balkans.</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>174. Who had the control over a large part of the Balkans?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: A large part of the Balkans was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>175. What made the Balkans very explosive?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The spread of the ideas of romantic nationalism in the Balkans together with the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire made the Balkans very explosive.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>176. How had the Ottoman Empire sought to strengthen itself all through the nineteenth century?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: All through the nineteenth century the Ottoman Empire had sought to strengthen itself through modernisation and internal reforms.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>177. What was the basis of the claims for independence by the Balkan peoples?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Balkan peoples based their claims for independence or political rights on nationality and used history to prove that they had once been independent but had subsequently been subjugated by foreign powers.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>178. What did the rebellious nationalities in the Balkans think of their struggles?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The rebellious nationalities in the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win back their long-lost independence.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>179. Why did the Balkan area become an area of intense conflict?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: As the different Slavic nationalities struggled to define their identity and independence, the Balkan area became an area of intense conflict.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>180. How did the conflict of the Balkans lead to the First World War? Or<br />
What led to the First World War?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The Balkan states were fiercely jealous of each other and each hoped to gain more territory at the expense of the others. Matters were further complicated because the Balkans also became the scene of big power rivalry. During this period, there was intense rivalry among the European powers over trade and colonies as well as naval and military might. These rivalries were very evident in the way the Balkan problem unfolded. Each power – Russia, Germany, England, and Austro-Hungary – was keen on countering the hold of other powers over the Balkans, and extending its own control over the area. This led to a series of wars in the region and finally the First World War.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>181. What led Europe to disaster in 1914?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: Nationalism, aligned with imperialism, led Europe to disaster in 1914.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>182. Where were the European ideas of nationalism replicated?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: European ideas of nationalism were nowhere replicated, for people everywhere developed their own specific variety of nationalism.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />
</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>183. Why the European ideas of nationalism were not replicated anywhere else in the world?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The European ideas of nationalism were not replicated anywhere else in the world because people everywhere developed their own specific variety of nationalism.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>184. Name any European idea that came to be accepted as natural and universal?</b></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Answer: The idea that societies should be organised into ‘nation-states’ came to be accepted as natural and universal.</span><br />
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</span> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Don't forget to read the <b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2013/06/question-answer-of-rise-of-nationalism-in-europe.html" target="_blank">Question-Answer of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe</a></b></span></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com25tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-61362745484396078022018-12-12T15:09:00.000+05:302019-08-04T20:37:27.100+05:30Resources and Development Flow Chart<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b><i><u>Resources and development</u></i></b>: read <b><i>resources and development class 10 notes</i></b> and <b><i>resources and development class 10</i></b> flow chart.<br />
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<b>Definition of Resource:</b> Things which can be used to satisfy
our needs, is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally
acceptable.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJWNY-q2l4WRolUyv5O9444JiV2xEy1zWIu8w-9NgaeSPGcJjJV2DVh_S2Ixckwheelmm80JSW_TTPuvmjwq-rJn6m3R8qbGVLSXqDHqRU5DauK188arBey0VX1pt7OHw73zV-_DN52pY/s1600/Flow+chart+of+Resources+and+Development.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Resources and Development Flow Chart" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJWNY-q2l4WRolUyv5O9444JiV2xEy1zWIu8w-9NgaeSPGcJjJV2DVh_S2Ixckwheelmm80JSW_TTPuvmjwq-rJn6m3R8qbGVLSXqDHqRU5DauK188arBey0VX1pt7OHw73zV-_DN52pY/s640/Flow+chart+of+Resources+and+Development.jpg" title="Resources and Development Flow Chart" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Resources and Development</td></tr>
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<b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><u>Types of Resources<o:p></o:p></u></span></b></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><u><br /></u></span></b></div>
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<b>On the basis of origin:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Biotic Resources: are obtained from biosphere & have
life such as human beings, flora & fauna, fisheries, livestock.</li>
<li>Abiotic Resources: composed of non-living things are called
abiotic resources such as rocks & metals.</li>
</ul>
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<b>Note: </b>
a. Stock – Human beings do not have appropriate technology to access these.<br />
b. Reserves – can be put into use with the help of existing technical
‘know-how’ but their use has not been started.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>On the basis of Exhaustibility:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Renewable Resources: can be renewed or reproduced by
physical, chemical or mechanical processes such as solar & wind energy,
water, forests & wildlife, etc. May further be divided into continuous or
flow.</li>
<li>Non-Renewable Resources: occur over a very long geological
time such as minerals and fossil fuels. May further be divided into recyclable
and non-recyclable.</li>
</ul>
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<b>On the basis of Ownership:</b></div>
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<ul>
<li>Individual Resources: owned by individuals such as
plantation, pasture lands, ponds, etc.</li>
<li>Community Owned Resources: resources which are accessible to
all members of community such as village commons, public parks, etc.</li>
<li>National Resources: All minerals, water resources, forests,
wildlife, land within political boundaries and oceanic area up to 12 nautical
miles from coast known as national resources.</li>
<li>International Resources: international institutions regulate
these resources such as the oceanic resources beyond 200 nautical miles…</li>
</ul>
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<b>On the Basis of the Status of Development:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Potential Resources: found in a region, but have not been
utilized. Rajasthan and Gujarat have enormous potential for development of wind
and solar energy, but so far these have not been developed properly.</li>
<li>Developed Resources: are surveyed, quality and quantity
determined for utilisation. Its development depends on technology and level of
their feasibility.</li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<h2 style="text-align: center;">
<b>Resources and Development of Resources</b></h2>
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Indiscriminate use of resources by human being has led to
the following major problems:</div>
</div>
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<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><i>Depletion of resources for satisfying the greed of few
individuals.</i></li>
<li><i>Accumulation of resources in few hands, divided the
society into haves and have not’s or rich and poor.</i></li>
<li><i>Global ecological crises such as global warming, ozone
layer depletion, environmental pollution and land degradation.</i></li>
</ol>
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<b>Resources Planning<o:p></o:p></b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Strategy for judicious use of resources is important as
there is enormous diversity in the availability of resources.</li>
<li>Many of the resources are non-renewable. This calls for
balanced resource planning at the national, state, regional and local levels.</li>
</ul>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Resource Planning in India</b></div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Identification and inventory of resources.</li>
<li>Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate
technology, skill and institutional set up.</li>
<li>Matching resource development plans with overall national
development plans.</li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Conservation of Resources</b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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Resources are vital for any developmental activity.
Irrational consumption and over-utilisation of resources may lead to
socio-economic and environmental problems. To overcome these problems, resource
conservation at various levels is important. Gandhiji was very apt in voicing
his concern about resource conservation in these words, “There is enough for
everybody’s need and not for anybody’s greed.”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>Land Resources<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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Land is a natural resource of utmost importance. India has
land under a variety of relief features, 43% is plain, provides facilities for
agriculture and industry. Mountains account for 30 per cent ensure perennial flow
of some rivers, provide facilities for tourism and ecological aspects. About 27
per cent is the plateau, possesses rich reserves of minerals, fossil fuels and
forests.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Land Utilisation – Land resources are used for the following
purposes:<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Forests, Land not available for cultivation:</b> (a) Barren and
waste land (b) Land put to non-agricultural uses, e.g. buildings, roads,
factories.</li>
<li><b>Other uncultivated land</b> (excluding fallow land): (a)
Permanent pastures and grazing land, (b) Land under miscellaneous tree crops,
groves (not included in net sown area), (c) Culturable waste land (left
uncultivated for more than 5 agricultural years).</li>
<li><b>Fallow lands:</b> (a) Current fallow (left without cultivation for 1 or less than 1 agricultural year), (b) Other than current fallow - (left uncultivated for past 1 to 5 agricultural years).</li>
<li><b>Net sown area:</b> Area sown more than once in an agricultural
year plus net sown area is known as gross cropped area.</li>
</ul>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
<h4 style="text-align: left;">
<b>Land use Pattern in India</b></h4>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Use of land is determined both by physical factors such as
topography, climate, and soil types as well as human factors such as population
density, technological capability and culture and traditions, etc.</li>
<li>Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq km. The
land under permanent pasture has decreased. Forest area in the country is far
lower than the desired 33 per cent of geographical area, as it was outlined in
the National Forest Policy 1952.</li>
<li>NSA in India comes to about 54 per cent of total reporting
area. Pattern of net sown area varies greatly from one state to another. It is
over 80% of total area in Punjab and Haryana and less than 10% in Arunachal
Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.</li>
</ol>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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<b>Land Degradation & Conservation Measures<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>There are about 130 million hectares of degraded land in
India. Approximately, 28 per cent of it belongs to the category of forest
degraded area, 56 per cent of it is water eroded area and the rest is affected
by saline and alkaline deposits.</li>
<li>In states like Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and
Odisha deforestation due to mining have caused severe land degradation. In the
states of Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh, over irrigation is
responsible for land degradation due to water logging leading to increase in
salinity and alkalinity in the soil.</li>
</ol>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<br /></div>
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<b>Ways to solve the problems of land degradation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
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Afforestation, proper management of grazing, planting of
shelter belts of plants, control on over grazing, and stabilisation of sand
dunes by growing thorny bushes are some of the methods to check land
degradation. Proper management of waste lands, control of mining activities,
proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after
treatment.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Soil as a resource<br /><br /><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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Relief, parent rock or bed rock, climate, vegetation and
other forms of life and time are important factors in the formation of soil.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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Must Read: <span style="color: #111111; font-family: "open sans" , sans-serif;"><b><a href="https://topperssocialscience.blogspot.com/2013/06/notes-on-water-resources-cbse-geography.html" target="_blank">Notes on Water Resources</a></b></span></div>
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<b>Classification of Soils<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Alluvial Soil:</b> It is of two types – khadar and
bangar. It is found in Northern Plains and Coastal Strips of Eastern Coast.</li>
<li><b>Black Soil:</b> It is derived from Deccan Traps. It
occurs in areas like Maharashtra, Western M.P. & Gujarat. It is known for
the cultivation of cotton.</li>
<li><b>Red Soil:</b> Formed in areas of igneous and metamorphic
rocks. It is found in parts of Tamilnadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Orissa
& Jharkhand.</li>
<li><b>Laterite Soil:</b> Intensively leached soil of monsoon
climate. It is found in hills of Deccan, Karnataka, Kerala, Orissa and parts of
Assam & Meghalaya.</li>
<li><b>Mountain Soil:</b> It is characterized by deposition of
organic materials derived from vegetative cover. Found in Meghalaya, Arunachal
Pradesh, Eastern ranges, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir.</li>
<li><b>Desert Soil:</b> It is found in arid areas of Rajasthan,
Punjab & Haryana.</li>
</ol>
<o:p></o:p><br />
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b>Soil Erosion and Soil Conservation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<b><br /></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
</div>
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down
is described as soil erosion.</li>
<li>Human activities like deforestation, over-grazing,
construction and mining, etc. while natural forces like wind, glacier and water
lead to soil erosion.</li>
<li><b>Examples </b>– Deep channels as gullies, bad land, Chambal
ravines, sheet erosion.</li>
<li><b>Methods of Conservation</b> – Contour ploughing, terrace cultivation,
strip cropping, shelter belts.</li>
</ul>
Read <b><u><a href="https://proventricks.blogspot.com/2019/08/home-based-business-in-india.html" target="_blank">this article</a></u></b> if you want to start earning money before you complete your education.<o:p></o:p><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidoPVPR8J_eJnMZihw1u45Z7Exfo1jMZelM1pnNePzUq3Hleg8wqQj5xLMnro_zRFqSmg38_Z6ZZTMH1CUPZV-qBFyUGY01CGmjFxGyc-jwhzpIA6gATevNfexa8pXtp6NZ6FPF8z6Tw0/s1600/Flow+chart+of+Resources+and+Development%252C+CBSE+Class+10+Geography.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Resources and Development Flow Chart" border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1132" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidoPVPR8J_eJnMZihw1u45Z7Exfo1jMZelM1pnNePzUq3Hleg8wqQj5xLMnro_zRFqSmg38_Z6ZZTMH1CUPZV-qBFyUGY01CGmjFxGyc-jwhzpIA6gATevNfexa8pXtp6NZ6FPF8z6Tw0/s1600/Flow+chart+of+Resources+and+Development%252C+CBSE+Class+10+Geography.jpg" title="Resources and Development Flow Chart" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Flow Chart of Resources and Development (Click Image to Zoom or Download)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-31316668361372928992018-01-07T09:06:00.000+05:302018-01-07T09:06:05.162+05:3010 Steps to Happily Ever After<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIf4ijI3znO5EhwF2YEWARqxQ4Sxcg218EhnnYtK-IhV2yhLah5H9Pkk8HRFWdHR9wyDiTk0V68e4vDX2qRISCkIWuvsJquVwiWfOzDDuEWVxuEYpBBLwgWpRD_OCxJ2dhU3Lh3BShGsY/s1600/10+Steps+to+Happily+Ever+After.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="10 Steps to Happily Ever After" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIf4ijI3znO5EhwF2YEWARqxQ4Sxcg218EhnnYtK-IhV2yhLah5H9Pkk8HRFWdHR9wyDiTk0V68e4vDX2qRISCkIWuvsJquVwiWfOzDDuEWVxuEYpBBLwgWpRD_OCxJ2dhU3Lh3BShGsY/s640/10+Steps+to+Happily+Ever+After.jpg" title="10 Steps to Happily Ever After" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Do you know what all happy and healthy marriages have in
common? In every one of them you will find two people committed to making each
other happy. You will find a man who cherishes his wife and puts her needs
above his own, and you will find a wife who respects and trusts her man. We
live in very selfish times. Pop-psychology messages are everywhere in the media
encouraging us to love ourselves, do right by ourselves, and generally please
ourselves first. If you really want a happy marriage, don't buy into that type
of self-centered thinking. Instead, try these 10 time-tested techniques and
experience the happiness, peace, and tranquility of a healthy marriage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>1. Make time for each other.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It's so easy in our hyper-busy
modern lifestyles to forget to set aside a little time to enjoy each other's
company. Start a weekly tradition of setting a date for the two of you to be
together doing something you both enjoy. Keep it simple. Take a nice walk
together. Sip coffee together in a cozy coffeehouse. Talk to each other,
reminisce, and get to know each other again.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>2. Take time off from each other.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Give each other space and
time to work on hobbies and personal interests. When you have an interesting
project to work on, you will feel more fulfilled and you will be a more
interesting person.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>3. Make little romantic gestures.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Remember to compliment
your spouse. Leave a little love note for them to find once in awhile. Celebrate
the day you first met. Send flowers for no particular reason. You should
continuously make little deposits in your spouse's emotional bank account. The
return on your investment will be incredible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>4. Fight fair.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Don't argue in front of other people. Don't
insult each other or each other's families. Never threaten divorce, and never
go to bed angry. Let the little things go, and don't make a big deal out of
every disagreement. Before arguing, think; is this really going to matter in
the long run?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>5. Take interest in what interests your spouse.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Watch their favorite shows with them. Read their favorite book, so you can talk about it with them.
Encourage them to develop their talents.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">6. Listen to your spouse.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Husbands, remember that women need
to express their feelings. Be a good sport and just listen. Don't interrupt, or
get distracted. Empathize with her. Let her know that you can relate to what
she's feeling. Ladies, please remember that the kind of talk you might like to
have with your husband does not come naturally to most men. Just be patient.
It's not a good idea to "unload" on him right when he comes home from
work.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">7. Accept your spouse for who they are.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Practice total
acceptance. Don't hold your spouse to your expectations; you will only succeed
at building resentment.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>8. Express your commitment.</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In little ways, you can, and
should, renew your vows to each other over and over. Your spouse will feel
comfortable and secure knowing that you are truly committed to the marriage.
True closeness will only happen when all doubt and insecurity is replaced by
confidence in the relationship. Let your spouse know that you really are in it
"till death do us part."</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">9. Trust in each other.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Don't be suspicious. Don't snoop
through each other's belongings. To help ensure the trust, be honest with your
spouse in all things. Never keep secrets from each other, not even little ones.</span></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;">10. Make it your aim to be your spouse's best
friend.</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Appreciate your spouse for who they are. Loosen up and have fun with
each other. If you are practicing the steps above, you are on your way to being
your spouse's best friend the ultimate relationship in marriage.</span></div>
</div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-42051855330360157722018-01-07T08:48:00.000+05:302018-01-07T08:48:16.965+05:304 Questions to Answer Before Contacting a Book Agent<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHBRQenNoNS8VBh35et0MFL8aeWO-nMafbyZdbIKm8tK288TP7gYwbe22a_UDajKMZRJifmJyEFQ7YlNCl9VhtO3U9fUKKoamzeT-u1cgoeL99Fkqld2xu6w8Cv61bM_BawEl4KJuRXQo/s1600/4+Questions+to+Answer+Before+Contacting+a+Book+Agent.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="4 Questions to Answer Before Contacting a Book Agent" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhHBRQenNoNS8VBh35et0MFL8aeWO-nMafbyZdbIKm8tK288TP7gYwbe22a_UDajKMZRJifmJyEFQ7YlNCl9VhtO3U9fUKKoamzeT-u1cgoeL99Fkqld2xu6w8Cv61bM_BawEl4KJuRXQo/s640/4+Questions+to+Answer+Before+Contacting+a+Book+Agent.jpg" title="4 Questions to Answer Before Contacting a Book Agent" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Obtaining agency representation is your first step toward getting profitably published. Most publishers won't even look at unsolicited manuscripts.<br /><br />But, before approaching an agent to represent you, you should finalize the presentation of your book.<br /><br />Agents don't have time to waste dealing with publishing 'wannabees' who don't have, and may never have, a concrete project to represent. To busy agents, dreams don't make it.<br /><br />If you approach an agent before you're prepared, you may never be able to contact them again. They'll consider you a 'dreamer' and disregard your emails and phone calls.<br /><br /><b><span style="font-size: large;">Elevator Speech</span></b><br /><br />Before approaching an agent, prepare an 'elevator speech' describing your project in the less than thirty-seconds it takes for an average elevator ride. If you can't, your project probably isn't ready for prime time.<br /><br /><b>Your elevator speech must answer four major questions:</b></span><br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What is your book about?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Who is going to buy it?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How does it differ from existing books on the subject?</span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">How are you going to promote it?</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: large;"><b>What is your book about?</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Finalize your book's title and contents before contacting an agent. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />The title is crucial to your book's success. It must attract the attention of acquisition editors, book reviewers, bookstore managers, web surfers and readers. The title is often your one - and only - chance to make a sale.<br /><br />Finalize your book's table of contents and prepare a brief description of the contents of each chapter. You should also know how long your book is going to be and the number of illustrations, graphics or worksheet<br /><br />Prepare two - three, if you're a first-time author - sample chapters and hire a professional editor to fine-tune them. It's better to show three perfect chapters than a finished manuscript filled with spelling errors.<br /><br />You don't have to write your whole book before approaching agents. And your sample chapters don't have to begin with the first chapter, nor do they have to be in sequence. But, they must represent your writing at its best.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">Who's going to buy your book?</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Next, show that there is a reachable market for your book.<br /><br />Strive for urgency. Describe the market intrigued by, or frustrated by, your book's topic. What symptoms does your book help solve? How many people share the problem? What are the consequences of the problem your book addresses?<br /><br />Quantify your book's market in terms of buying power, willingness to buy books and ability to be reached through associations or publications.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="font-size: large;">How will your book be different?</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><br /></b></span>Next, position your book relative to existing books on the topic. Existing books on the same topic are a plus, not a minus. They prove there is a market for books on the subject.</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">What are the strengths and weaknesses of existing books?<br /></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Why will readers choose your book over existing books?</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This section offers you an opportunity to describe your background and how it contributes to your book.</span></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><br /></span></b></div>
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<b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: large;">How will you promote your book?</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Promotion is your responsibility, not the publisher's. Your ability to promote your book is as important as your ability to write your book.<br /><br />Start by identifying book reviewers and editorial contacts who can help promote your book. List publications that might run an extract from your book. Research producers who book guests for radio and TV interviews.<br /><br />Discuss your speaking experience and willingness to travel to support your book. Describe how you will promote your book on your web site.<br /><br />List authorities in your field who have offered to write a foreword or provide you with cover testimonials.<br /><br />Agents are busy. To the extent you can sell your book idea as a realistic possibility in thirty seconds and can support your answers with research and strong sample chapters, you are well on your way to success.<br /><br />After you've been successfully published, you may be able to sell a book on just the basis of an email. But for now, you must be fully prepared.</span></div>
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Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2411844151351508850.post-11262892593743385422018-01-04T14:52:00.001+05:302018-01-04T14:59:15.415+05:30Legacy: The Power Within - Book Review<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;">Legacy - how does one define it?</b></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;">According to the American Heritage Dictionary®, </span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: left;">Legacy is defined as money or property bequeathed <u>by will</u>.</i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;"> In Tony DeLiso's (Expanded Edition) Book, </span><i style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">"Legacy: The Power Within;"</span></i><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; text-align: left;"> we are immersed in the realization of all that was, is and has the possibility to be through ones' innate legacy of positive reaffirmation.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitdVIkQOPjji_3PLcatMTOJvYUIcWX5Q4lCaxcQTgwrXe49KCTL2izQfXukY5bVvjR-rehGBsdnZ_W-Qfd4viK6AbQlq1BTTUmvBmjQKa2OmbG0rc4c7RCiFTSw0wXBwpRShp2lXPEm3M/s1600/Legacy+The+Power+Within+-+Book+Review.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Legacy: The Power Within - Book Review" border="0" data-original-height="628" data-original-width="1200" height="334" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitdVIkQOPjji_3PLcatMTOJvYUIcWX5Q4lCaxcQTgwrXe49KCTL2izQfXukY5bVvjR-rehGBsdnZ_W-Qfd4viK6AbQlq1BTTUmvBmjQKa2OmbG0rc4c7RCiFTSw0wXBwpRShp2lXPEm3M/s640/Legacy+The+Power+Within+-+Book+Review.jpg" title="Legacy: The Power Within - Book Review" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><i>Legacy: The Power Within</i> conveys a powerful life lesson on how to take life by the reigns, and how to manifest dreams into reality. Applying simple practices of thought retraining, affirmation and faith, <b><a href="http://amzn.to/2lTKJCC" target="_blank">Mr. DeLiso's book</a></b> explains how to integrate his seven steps in goal setting, problem solving and decision making to bring forth positive end results in individual lives!<br /><br /><i>Legacy: The Power Within</i> is a beneficial, mental tool that helps rediscover ones' personal power and how to use this power to reprogram thinking patterns into an overall, healthier state of mind. Renewed thought patterns can develop into progressive and positive life changes. Thus, <i>Legacy: The Power Within</i> is an effectual guide for those seeking positive and personally, fulfilling lifestyles. Are <i>you</i> looking for personal empowerment? Have you lost insight into how to succeed in life? Perhaps, <i>Legacy: The Power Within</i> is for <b>you</b>.</span><br />
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<span style="color: #111111; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Legacy: The Power Within - Book Review</span></h3>
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<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small;"><span style="color: #111111; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">W</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="background-color: white;">ritten </span></span>By Stephanie E. Story</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #111111; font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">Author, Tony Deliso, shares with his audience, several time honored behavioral traits that when practiced can bring happiness, success, and balance into our daily lives. He explains in detail that by changing our thought process, we can change the course of our life and reach our goals. All this made possible by unleashing the innate power every human being possesses. Success, happiness, love, wealth, and peace can be achieved if you follow the advice and wisdom contained in this powerful little book.</span></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111;">He discusses how our emotions and actions radiate throughout our daily lives. The way we love, give, share, think, even the things we fear, all play an important role in who we are and what we will become. A positive attitude sets the stage in allowing us to benefit from all the good things in life. If we surround ourselves with good, good things will happen. In essence, it is our actions and reactions that control and determine our destiny. Within us lies every resource we need to change the course of our lives for the better!</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #111111;" /><span style="background-color: white; color: #111111;">In the process of sharing all of this knowledge with us, Mr. Deliso intertwines his own life struggles and successes, which gives this book a personal ambiance. By the time you have finished section one; you will be ready to change the way you think and feel about your life. Upon completion, if you continue to incorporate the power within on a daily basis, you will succeed and lead a happier life. Honestly speaking, the teachings in this book did motivate me to change my life; I have started a new business, something I have always wanted to do, but fear of failure delayed my dream, that is, until now. This book is definitely a confidence builder, and I highly recommend it to everyone. It's also refreshing; because the author has faith in all of his readers. We all have the ability to access the power and achieve our goals, even if we have stopped believing in ourselves. A winning book, from a winning author!</span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><b>For more information about the author, Tony DeLiso, or his book, <i>Legacy: The Power Within</i>, visit </b><a href="http://amzn.to/2lTKJCC" style="color: blue; font-weight: bold;" target="_blank">Amazon.com</a><b> today.</b></span></div>
Nandan Vermahttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08896431508144497865noreply@blogger.com0