CBSE Class 10 Geography • Chapter 1
Resources and Development Class 10 MCQs with Answers
Practice a large set of concept-based multiple-choice questions covering resource classification, planning, land resources, soils, erosion, conservation and sustainable development.
Resources and Development MCQs
Choose the best answer. Use the answer shown after each question for self-checking. These questions are practice material; always prepare the complete NCERT chapter and current CBSE curriculum.
Q1. Which basis of classification distinguishes biotic and abiotic resources?
A. A. Ownership
B. B. Origin
C. C. Exhaustibility
D. D. Status of development
Answer: B
Q2. Which of the following is a biotic resource?
A. A. Rock
B. B. Iron ore
C. C. Flora
D. D. Air
Answer: C
Q3. Which is an abiotic resource?
A. A. Wildlife
B. B. Plants
C. C. Livestock
D. D. Rocks
Answer: D
Q4. Which resource is renewable?
A. A. Coal
B. B. Petroleum
C. C. Solar energy
D. D. Natural gas
Answer: C
Q5. Which is a non-renewable resource?
A. A. Wind
B. B. Solar energy
C. C. Coal
D. D. Tidal energy
Answer: C
Q6. Resources owned privately by individuals are called:
A. A. National resources
B. B. Individual resources
C. C. International resources
D. D. Community resources
Answer: B
Q7. Village ponds and public parks are examples of:
A. A. Individual resources
B. B. Community-owned resources
C. C. International resources
D. D. Stock
Answer: B
Q8. Resources within the political boundaries of a country are generally regarded as:
A. A. National resources
B. B. Individual resources
C. C. Potential resources
D. D. International resources
Answer: A
Q9. Resources beyond the jurisdiction of individual countries are regulated through:
A. A. Village councils
B. B. Individual owners
C. C. International institutions
D. D. District administrations
Answer: C
Q10. A resource found in a region but not yet fully utilised is a:
A. A. Potential resource
B. B. Reserve
C. C. Stock
D. D. Developed resource
Answer: A
Q11. A resource whose quantity and quality have been assessed and which is currently used is a:
A. A. Stock
B. B. Developed resource
C. C. Potential resource
D. D. International resource
Answer: B
Q12. Resources that can satisfy human needs but cannot currently be used because suitable technology is unavailable are called:
A. A. Reserves
B. B. Stock
C. C. Developed resources
D. D. Community resources
Answer: B
Q13. A part of stock that can be used with existing technology but is conserved for future use is called:
A. A. Reserve
B. B. Potential resource
C. C. Individual resource
D. D. Abiotic resource
Answer: A
Q14. Why is resource planning essential in India?
A. A. Resources are equally distributed
B. B. Resources are unlimited
C. C. Resources are unevenly distributed and limited
D. D. Resources need no conservation
Answer: C
Q15. Which is a major step in resource planning?
A. A. Ignoring resource availability
B. B. Identification and inventory of resources
C. C. Increasing wastage
D. D. Preventing all development
Answer: B
Q16. Land-use pattern refers to:
A. A. Only agricultural land
B. B. The way land is used for different purposes
C. C. Only forest cover
D. D. Only urban settlements
Answer: B
Q17. Which is a physical factor affecting land use?
A. A. Population density
B. B. Technology
C. C. Topography
D. D. Culture
Answer: C
Q18. Which is a human factor affecting land use?
A. A. Climate
B. B. Relief
C. C. Soil type
D. D. Population density
Answer: D
Q19. Which activity is a major cause of land degradation?
A. A. Afforestation
B. B. Controlled grazing
C. C. Deforestation
D. D. Contour ploughing
Answer: C
Q20. Over-irrigation may cause:
A. A. Waterlogging and salinity
B. B. Forest growth
C. C. Soil formation
D. D. Reduced evaporation only
Answer: A
Q21. Which soil is widely found in the northern plains?
A. A. Black
B. B. Alluvial
C. C. Laterite
D. D. Arid
Answer: B
Q22. Khadar refers to:
A. A. Old alluvium
B. B. New alluvium
C. C. Black soil
D. D. Laterite soil
Answer: B
Q23. Bangar refers to:
A. A. New alluvium
B. B. Old alluvium
C. C. Red soil
D. D. Arid soil
Answer: B
Q24. Which soil is known as regur soil?
A. A. Black soil
B. B. Alluvial soil
C. C. Laterite soil
D. D. Forest soil
Answer: A
Q25. Black soil is particularly suitable for growing:
A. A. Cotton
B. B. Tea
C. C. Jute
D. D. Coconut
Answer: A
Q26. The red colour of red soil is mainly associated with:
A. A. Humus
B. B. Iron compounds
C. C. Salt
D. D. Lime only
Answer: B
Q27. Laterite soil develops mainly under:
A. A. Heavy rainfall and high temperature
B. B. Very low rainfall
C. C. Permanent snow
D. D. Extremely dry conditions only
Answer: A
Q28. Arid soils are commonly associated with:
A. A. Desert and semi-arid regions
B. B. Deltaic plains only
C. C. Very wet forests only
D. D. River floodplains only
Answer: A
Q29. Forest or mountain soils are mainly found in:
A. A. Hilly and mountainous areas
B. B. Coastal deltas only
C. C. Desert dunes only
D. D. Industrial belts only
Answer: A
Q30. The removal of the fertile top layer of soil is called:
A. A. Land use
B. B. Soil erosion
C. C. Resource planning
D. D. Soil formation
Answer: B
Q31. Deep channels formed by running water are called:
A. A. Gullies
B. B. Shelter belts
C. C. Terraces
D. D. Strips
Answer: A
Q32. When topsoil is washed away over a large area by flowing water, it is called:
A. A. Gully erosion
B. B. Sheet erosion
C. C. Wind erosion
D. D. Landslide
Answer: B
Q33. Wind erosion is especially important in:
A. A. Dry and semi-arid regions
B. B. Permanently flooded areas
C. C. Dense forests only
D. D. River deltas only
Answer: A
Q34. Contour ploughing is most useful on:
A. A. Slopes
B. B. Flat deserts only
C. C. Coastal beaches
D. D. Deep lakes
Answer: A
Q35. Terrace farming helps to:
A. A. Increase wind speed
B. B. Reduce soil erosion on slopes
C. C. Increase salinity
D. D. Remove forest cover
Answer: B
Q36. Strip cropping helps control:
A. A. Soil erosion
B. B. Mineral formation
C. C. Earthquakes
D. D. Flood levels in oceans
Answer: A
Q37. Shelter belts are rows of trees used mainly to:
A. A. Increase wind erosion
B. B. Reduce wind speed and protect soil
C. C. Increase mining
D. D. Increase waterlogging
Answer: B
Q38. Which is a method of controlling land degradation?
A. A. Uncontrolled grazing
B. B. Afforestation
C. C. Excessive mining
D. D. Deforestation
Answer: B
Q39. Which statement best describes sustainable development?
A. A. Development without regard for the environment
B. B. Development that meets present needs while conserving resources for the future
C. C. Development based only on mining
D. D. Development that stops all economic activity
Answer: B
Q40. The Rio Earth Summit was held in:
A. A. 1987
B. B. 1990
C. C. 1992
D. D. 2002
Answer: C
Q41. Agenda 21 is associated with:
A. A. Sustainable development
B. B. Industrial licensing
C. C. Crop insurance
D. D. Population census
Answer: A
Q42. Which statement about resources is correct?
A. A. All resources are unlimited
B. B. Resources are unevenly distributed
C. C. All resources are renewable
D. D. Technology has no role in resource use
Answer: B
Q43. Which soil is generally rich in potash, phosphoric acid and lime and supports many crops?
A. A. Alluvial soil
B. B. Arid soil
C. C. Forest soil
D. D. Laterite soil
Answer: A
Q44. Which soil develops cracks during dry periods and has high moisture-retaining capacity?
A. A. Black soil
B. B. Red soil
C. C. Alluvial soil
D. D. Arid soil
Answer: A
Q45. Which method is best associated with dry areas?
A. A. Shelter belts
B. B. Terrace farming
C. C. Contour ploughing only
D. D. Canal lining only
Answer: A
Q46. Which factor is NOT a basis of resource classification in the chapter?
A. A. Origin
B. B. Ownership
C. C. Exhaustibility
D. D. Colour
Answer: D
Q47. Which of the following is an example of a community resource?
A. A. Private house
B. B. Village grazing ground
C. C. Personal car
D. D. Private farm
Answer: B
Q48. Which activity can cause land degradation in mining regions?
A. A. Mining
B. B. Afforestation
C. C. Crop rotation
D. D. Terrace farming
Answer: A
Q49. Which practice reduces runoff on slopes?
A. A. Contour ploughing
B. B. Overgrazing
C. C. Deforestation
D. D. Deep mining
Answer: A
Q50. Which practice protects soil from wind erosion in agricultural regions?
A. A. Strip cropping
B. B. Flooding
C. C. Over-irrigation
D. D. Deforestation
Answer: A
Q51. Why should resources be conserved?
A. A. They are all infinite
B. B. They are limited and future needs must also be considered
C. C. They cannot be used
D. D. Conservation increases wastage
Answer: B
Q52. Which one is a non-renewable resource?
A. A. Wind
B. B. Solar radiation
C. C. Petroleum
D. D. Tidal energy
Answer: C
Q53. Which resource classification is based on who owns or controls the resource?
A. A. Ownership
B. B. Origin
C. C. Exhaustibility
D. D. Status of development
Answer: A
Q54. Which resource category includes solar and wind energy when considered by exhaustibility?
A. A. Renewable
B. B. Non-renewable
C. C. Stock
D. D. Developed
Answer: A
Q55. A resource may become useful when:
A. A. Technology makes its use possible
B. B. It is wasted
C. C. It is hidden
D. D. It is ignored
Answer: A
Q56. Which is a major objective of resource planning?
A. A. Judicious utilisation
B. B. Unlimited extraction
C. C. Regional imbalance
D. D. Increased wastage
Answer: A
Q57. Which statement about land is correct?
A. A. Land can be used for only farming
B. B. Land supports many human and natural activities
C. C. Land degradation improves fertility
D. D. Land use never changes
Answer: B
Q58. Which soil is commonly associated with river deposits?
A. A. Alluvial
B. B. Black
C. C. Laterite
D. D. Arid
Answer: A
Q59. Which soil is ideal for cotton because of its moisture-retaining capacity?
A. A. Black
B. B. Arid
C. C. Forest
D. D. Laterite
Answer: A
Q60. Which process removes nutrients through downward movement of water in high-rainfall regions?
A. A. Leaching
B. B. Deposition
C. C. Irrigation
D. D. Weather forecasting
Answer: A
Q61. Which soil-conservation method involves cutting steps on slopes?
A. A. Terrace farming
B. B. Shelter belts
C. C. Strip cropping
D. D. Mulching only
Answer: A
Q62. Which statement about land degradation is correct?
A. A. It always improves productivity
B. B. It reduces the quality or productive capacity of land
C. C. It occurs only naturally
D. D. It has no human causes
Answer: B
Q63. Which human activity can cause salinity and alkalinity in soil?
A. A. Excessive irrigation
B. B. Afforestation
C. C. Terrace farming
D. D. Crop rotation
Answer: A
Q64. Which category includes roads, canals and railways as national resources?
A. A. Individual
B. B. Community
C. C. National
D. D. International
Answer: C
Q65. Which of the following is an example of stock?
A. A. A resource that can be used now with existing technology
B. B. A resource with potential use but unavailable technology
C. C. A privately owned resource
D. D. A community park
Answer: B
Q66. Which is a characteristic of reserves?
A. A. They cannot be used with current technology
B. B. They are part of stock and can be used with existing technology
C. C. They are always privately owned
D. D. They are always non-renewable
Answer: B
Q67. Which statement best explains uneven resource distribution?
A. A. Every region has identical resources
B. B. Different regions possess different types and quantities of resources
C. C. Technology eliminates all differences
D. D. Climate has no influence
Answer: B
Q68. Which is a suitable measure for degraded land?
A. A. Afforestation and controlled grazing
B. B. More overgrazing
C. C. Unplanned mining
D. D. More deforestation
Answer: A
Q69. Which soil type is associated with the Deccan Trap region?
A. A. Black soil
B. B. Alluvial soil
C. C. Arid soil
D. D. Forest soil
Answer: A
Q70. Which soil is commonly found in areas of high rainfall and intense leaching?
A. A. Laterite
B. B. Arid
C. C. Black
D. D. Alluvial
Answer: A
Q71. Which statement about soil conservation is correct?
A. A. It helps retain fertile topsoil
B. B. It increases erosion
C. C. It requires deforestation
D. D. It promotes uncontrolled grazing
Answer: A
Q72. Which concept connects resource use with the needs of future generations?
A. A. Sustainable development
B. B. Over-exploitation
C. C. Mining expansion
D. D. Land conversion
Answer: A
Q73. Which of these is NOT a method of soil conservation?
A. A. Terrace farming
B. B. Contour ploughing
C. C. Shelter belts
D. D. Uncontrolled deforestation
Answer: D
Q74. Which factor can make a potential resource become a developed resource?
A. A. Appropriate technology and investment
B. B. Greater wastage
C. C. Reduced accessibility
D. D. Pollution
Answer: A
Q75. Which soil is found widely in the northern plains and river valleys?
A. A. Alluvial
B. B. Laterite
C. C. Arid
D. D. Black only
Answer: A
Q76. Which term describes old alluvial soil?
A. A. Khadar
B. B. Bangar
C. C. Regur
D. D. Laterite
Answer: B
Q77. Which term describes new alluvial soil?
A. A. Bangar
B. B. Khadar
C. C. Regur
D. D. Arid
Answer: B
Q78. Which of the following can reduce soil erosion by water on slopes?
A. A. Contour barriers and terraces
B. B. Deforestation
C. C. Overgrazing
D. D. Uncontrolled construction
Answer: A
Q79. Which is a key reason for resource planning in India?
A. A. Diversity in resource availability
B. B. Complete resource equality
C. C. Unlimited resources
D. D. Absence of regional differences
Answer: A
Q80. Which statement is most accurate about non-renewable resources?
A. A. They form rapidly
B. B. They are finite and take very long periods to form
C. C. They are always recyclable
D. D. They cannot be exhausted
Answer: B
Q81. Which is an example of a renewable resource?
A. A. Petroleum
B. B. Coal
C. C. Solar energy
D. D. Natural gas
Answer: C
Q82. Which activity is likely to increase soil erosion?
A. A. Deforestation
B. B. Afforestation
C. C. Terrace farming
D. D. Strip cropping
Answer: A
Q83. Which of the following is directly related to wind erosion control?
A. A. Shelter belts
B. B. Dams
C. C. Check dams only
D. D. River embankments only
Answer: A
Q84. Which topic is included in the CBSE learning outcomes for Resources and Development?
A. A. Analysis of land-use data
B. B. Study of political parties
C. C. Money and credit
D. D. Power sharing
Answer: A
Q85. Which learning approach best matches the current CBSE emphasis?
A. A. Memorisation alone
B. B. Understanding plus application and analysis
C. C. Only copying definitions
D. D. Avoiding case-based questions
Answer: B
Q86. Which one is a major resource-planning concern?
A. A. Equitable and judicious use
B. B. Unlimited extraction
C. C. Regional inequality
D. D. Resource wastage
Answer: A
Q87. Which process can degrade land through removal of vegetation cover?
A. A. Deforestation
B. B. Afforestation
C. C. Crop rotation
D. D. Contour farming
Answer: A
Q88. Which statement about soil is correct?
A. A. All soils have identical properties
B. B. Soil properties vary by region and affect land use and crops
C. C. Soil cannot degrade
D. D. Soil is unrelated to agriculture
Answer: B
Q89. Which method leaves rows of grass between crops to reduce erosion?
A. A. Strip cropping
B. B. Terrace farming
C. C. Shelter belts
D. D. Contour ploughing
Answer: A
Q90. Which method uses rows of trees as a wind barrier?
A. A. Shelter belts
B. B. Strip cropping
C. C. Terrace farming
D. D. Gully plugging only
Answer: A
Q91. Which is a likely result of uncontrolled mining?
A. A. Land degradation
B. B. Soil conservation
C. C. Increased forest cover
D. D. Reduced pollution
Answer: A
Q92. Which statement about conservation is correct?
A. A. Conservation means no use of resources
B. B. Conservation means careful and sustainable use
C. C. Conservation means unlimited use
D. D. Conservation means abandoning development
Answer: B
Q93. Which chapter of CBSE Class 10 Geography covers resources, land and soil conservation?
A. A. Resources and Development
B. B. Agriculture
C. C. Water Resources
D. D. Manufacturing Industries
Answer: A
Q94. Which soil is generally found in the Ganga-Brahmaputra river plains?
A. A. Alluvial soil
B. B. Laterite soil
C. C. Arid soil
D. D. Black soil
Answer: A
Q95. Which practice helps prevent wind erosion by reducing wind velocity?
A. A. Shelter belts
B. B. Overgrazing
C. C. Mining
D. D. Deforestation
Answer: A
Q96. Which of the following is an example of an individual resource?
A. A. A privately owned house
B. B. A village pond
C. C. A public park
D. D. A national highway
Answer: A
Q97. Which resource category is based on the time required for natural replenishment?
A. A. Exhaustibility
B. B. Ownership
C. C. Origin
D. D. Status of development
Answer: A
Q98. Which activity is most directly linked with soil erosion?
A. A. Removal of vegetation cover
B. B. Afforestation
C. C. Terrace farming
D. D. Strip cropping
Answer: A
Q99. Which soil is often called black cotton soil?
A. A. Black soil
B. B. Red soil
C. C. Alluvial soil
D. D. Laterite soil
Answer: A
Q100. Which measure can reduce land degradation caused by overgrazing?
A. A. Controlled grazing
B. B. Increasing herd pressure
C. C. Removing vegetation
D. D. Unplanned mining
Answer: A
What These MCQs Cover
- Classification of resources
- Resource planning
- Land use and land degradation
- Major soil types and characteristics
- Soil erosion and conservation methods
- Sustainable development and conservation
Next Step
After attempting the MCQs, revise the Resources and Development Important Questions and practise writing answers in 2-, 3- and 5-mark formats.